The Constantinopolitan authorities, like the Roman, take an independent line. The most ancient among the former do not mention St James the Less, but the _Basilianum_ names him on the 23rd October and the 30th April, both times with the title then only given to martyrs (ἄθλησις). We shall have occasion to refer elsewhere to the arbitrary and singular character of this work. With regard to the Roman service-books and those derived from them, they agree, beginning with the _Gelasianum_, in placing St James along with St Philip on the 1st May. This is owing to the fact that in the sixth century a church was erected in honour of these two apostles in Rome, which is known at the present day as the Basilica of the Apostles. Pope Pelagius I. (556-561) commenced the erection of the church, which was completed by his successor John III.[636] It was dedicated on the 1st May, and so it came to pass that the commemoration of these two apostles is celebrated in the Roman rite on this day. Later on, the 1st May came incorrectly to be considered their _dies natalis_. The commemoration of St Philip in the menology of Basil, and in the _Neapolitanum_, is on the 14th November. A monastery of St Philip existed in Constantinople as early as 511. (7) ST JOHN As regards St John the Apostle and Evangelist, we have seen his commemoration was joined with that of St James the Less, on the 27th December, although this was not the date of their deaths. In course of time St John gradually eclipsed St James and gained possession of this day for himself alone; yet in the _Hieronymianum_ and in the Gothico-Gallic missal, ascribed by Mabillon to the eighth century, St John and St James are still commemorated together (_Natalis Jacobi et Joannis_). In the _Gelasianum_, and also in later Roman and Frankish martyrologies, and in Bede, St John alone is commemorated, as at the present day.