Heroes of Science: ChemistsMuir, M. M. Pattison (Matthew Moncrieff Pattison)
History
Heroes of Science: Chemists
Muir, M. M. Pattison (Matthew Moncrieff Pattison)
Chemistry -- History; Chemists
Graham was not as far as we can learn endowed, like Davy, with the
sensitive nature of a poet, yet his work on hydrogen proves him to have
possessed a large share of the gift of imagination. Picturing to himself
the hydrogen atom as essentially similar in its chemical functions to the
atom of a metal, he tracked this light invisible gas through many tortuous
courses: he showed how it is absorbed and retained (_occluded_ as he said)
by many metals; he found it in meteors which had come from far-away regions
of space; and at last, the year before he died he prepared an alloy of
palladium and the metal hydrogen, from which a few medals were struck,
bearing the legend "Palladium-Hydrogenium 1869."
Within the last few years hydrogen has been liquified and, it is said,
solidified. Solid hydrogen is described as a steel-grey substance which
fell upon the table with a sound like the ring of a metal.
But Graham's most important work was concerned with the motion of the
ultimate particles of bodies.
He uses the word "atom" pretty much as Dalton did. He does not make a
distinction between the atom of an element and the atom of a compound, but
apparently uses the term as a convenient one to express the smallest
undivided particle of any chemical substance which exhibits the properties
of that substance. As Graham was chiefly concerned with the physical
properties of chemical substances, or with those properties which are
studied alike by chemistry and physics, the distinction between atom and
molecule, so all-important in pure chemistry, might be, and to a great
extent was, overlooked by him. In considering his work we shall however do
well to use the terms "atom" and "molecule" in the sense in which they are
now always used in chemistry, a sense which has been already discussed (see
pp. 139-143).
Many years before Graham began his work a curious fact had been recorded
but not explained. In 1823 Doebereiner filled a glass jar with hydrogen and
allowed the jar to stand over water: on returning after twelve hours he
found that the water had risen about an inch and a half into the jar. Close
examination of the jar showed the presence of a small crack in the glass.
Many jars, tubes and flasks, all with small cracks in the glass, were
filled with hydrogen and allowed to stand over water; in every case the
water rose in the vessel. No rise of the water was however noticeable if
the vessels were filled with ordinary air, nitrogen or oxygen.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
Reviews
Reviews
No reviews yet
Be the first to share your thoughts on this work.
Elsewhere in the archive
Join the Discussion
Join the discussion
Sign in to leave a comment or review.
Sign InorCreate an account