Heroes of Science: ChemistsMuir, M. M. Pattison (Matthew Moncrieff Pattison)
History
Heroes of Science: Chemists
Muir, M. M. Pattison (Matthew Moncrieff Pattison)
Chemistry -- History; Chemists
And moreover it is possible to give a fairly satisfactory explanation of
the phenomena of solar chemistry without the aid of the hypothesis that our
elements are decomposed in the sun into simpler forms of matter.
Nevertheless this hypothesis has a certain amount of experimental evidence
in its favour; it may be a true hypothesis. I do not think we are justified
at present either in accepting it as the best guide to further research, or
in wholly rejecting it.
The researches to which this hypothesis has given rise have certainly
thrown much light on the constitution of the sun and stars, and they have
also been instrumental in forcing new views regarding the nature of the
elements on the attention of chemists, and so of awakening them out of the
slumber into which every class of men is so ready to fall.
The tale told by the rays of light which travel to this earth from the sun
and stars has not yet been fully read, but the parts which the chemist has
spelt out seem to say that, although the forms of matter of which the earth
is made are also those which compose the sun and stars, yet in the sun and
stars some of the earthly elements are decomposed, and some of the earthly
atoms are split into simpler forms. The tale, I say, told by the rays of
light seems to bear this interpretation, but it is written in a language
strange to the children of this earth, who can read it as yet but slowly;
for the name given to the new science was "_Ge-Urania_, because its
production was of earth and heaven. And it could not taste of death, by
reason of its adoption into immortal palaces; but it was to know weakness,
and reliance, and the shadow of human imbecility; and it went with a lame
gait; but in its going it exceeded all mortal children in grace and
swiftness."
There are certain little particles so minute that at least sixty millions
of them are required to compose the smallest portion of matter which can be
seen by the help of a good microscope. Some of these particles are
vibrating around the edge of an orb a million times larger than the earth,
but at a distance of about ninety millions of miles away. The student of
science is told to search around the edge of the orb till he finds these
particles, and having found them, to measure the rates of their vibrations;
and as an instrument with which to do this he is given--a glass prism! But
he has accomplished the task; he has found the minute particles, and he has
measured their vibration-periods.
Chemistry is no longer confined to this earth: the chemist claims the
visible universe as his laboratory, and the sunbeams as his servants.
Davy decomposed soda and potash by using the powerful instrument given him
by Volta; but the chemist to-day has thrown the element he is seeking to
decompose into a crucible, which is a sun or a star, and awaits the result.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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