Berzelius, Johann J., 106; determines weights of elementary atoms, 133; his birth and education, 157; works at Stockholm, 159; his slight appliances and large discoveries, 161; he reviews Dalton's atomic theory, 162; his views superseded by Avogadro's generalization, 165; he accepts law of isomorphism, 166; and Davy's discovery of chlorine, 204; his views on affinity of atoms, 209; his dual classification, 212; works at organic chemistry, 220; his dualism attacked by Dumas, 260. Black, Joseph, born at Bordeaux, 30; his education, 31; his thesis on magnesia and discovery of "fixed air," 33, _et seq._; inquiries into latent heat, 39; professor at Edinburgh, 41; his death and character, 41, _et seq._; _resume_ of his work, 102; his examination of alkalis, 176. Boyle, Hon. Robert, 25; his "Sceptical Chymist," 76; law known as "Boyle's law," 77; opposes doctrine of elementary principles, 93; his definition of an acid, 171; extends the knowledge of salts, 177. Bromine, discovered by Balard, 291. C Carbonic acid gas, or "fixed air," studied by Black, 35; by Priestley, 57, 69. Cavendish, Hon. Henry, rediscovers hydrogen, 63, 78; and composition of water and air, 78. Chloral, } produced by Liebig, composition determined by Dumas, 273. Chloroform,} Chlorine, discovered by Davy, 202; replaces hydrogen in organic compounds, 271. Colloids, 247. Combination in multiple proportions, 127. Combustion, studied by early chemists, 24 (_vide_ "Phlogistic theory"); studied by Black, 47; his views of Lavoisier's theory, 51; Priestley's views of combustion, 62; Lavoisier's experiments, 83, _et seq._; Liebig's combustion-tube, 263. Compound radicle, 267; the idea of substitution, 270, 276. Conservation of mass, doctrine of, 82. Crystallization, water of, 237. Crystalloids, 247. D Dalton, John, his birth and education, 107; "answers to correspondents," 109; his meteorological observations, 110; teaches at Manchester, 110; colour-blind, 111; pressures of gaseous mixtures, 113; strives after general laws, 115; first view of atomic theory, 117; visits Paris, 120; honours conferred on him, 121, 122; dies, 123; consideration of atomic theory (which see), 123, _et seq._; his "New System of Chemical Philosophy," 129; fixes atomic weight of hydrogen, 130; small use he makes of books, 148; inaccurate as an experimenter, 149; his method compared with Priestley's, 151.