Isomorphism, law of, 167. L Laplace, assists Lavoisier, 90. Latent heat, Black's theory of, 39. Laurent, his unitary theory, 272, 278. Lavoisier, Antoine L., born at Paris, 79; confutes idea of transmutation, 81; paper on calcination of tin, 84; meets Priestley, 61, 85; his theory of combustion, 51, 86; his chemical nomenclature, 96; he is guillotined, 99; _resume_ of his work, 103; his views on salts, 183, 184. Liebig, Justus, birth, 256; Humboldt and Gay-Lussac, 257; his improved combustion-tube, 263; studies the cyanates, 264; distinction between organic and inorganic chemistry effaced, 265; produces chloroform and chloral, 273; benzoyl, 274; he leaves Giessen for Munich, 280; his practical and economic discoveries, 283; death, 284; his failure to discover bromine, 291. Lockyer, his work with spectroscope, 310 (and _vide_ "Spectroscopic analysis"). M Mayow, John, studies combustion, 24. Metals, new, discovered by Berzelius, 101; by Davy, 197; hydrogen a metal, 238. Meyer, his views on acids, 174. Mitscherlich's law of isomorphism, 167. Molecule, conception of, 140; molecular weight, 145; molecular mobility of gases, 242; movements and reactions of molecules, 249; modern conception of, 275. Morveau, De, embraces Lavoisier's views, 96. Muriatic acid (_vide_ "Hydrochloric acid,") 119. N Nitric acid, discovered by Priestley, 65; produced by electrolysis, 188. Nomenclature, Lavoisier's system of, 96. O Oil, principle of, 254. Organic chemistry, worked at by Berzelius, 229; attempts to define it, 253; loose application of the term, 255; Woehler's manufacture of urea abolishes distinction of organic and inorganic chemistry, 265. Oxygen discovered by Priestley, 59; Lavoisier's experiments, 87; it is viewed by him as an acidifier, 91, 175; Berthollet shows it not a necessary constituent of acids, 184 (_vide_ "Acids"). P Paracelsus, 13; his pamphlet, "Tripus Aureus," etc., 19. Petit, 168. Phlogistic theory, 26; enunciated by Stahl, 27; abandoned by Black, 46; phlogiston described as a kind of motion, 49; discovery of dephlogisticated air, 59; the theory overthrown by Lavoisier, 92. Phosphoric acid, 86. Pneumatic trough, invented by Priestley, 57. Potassium, discovered by Davy, 197. Prussic acid, discovered by Berthollet, 184. Priestley, Joseph, born, 52; bred for the ministry, 53; writes on electricity, 55; his pneumatic trough, 57; discovers oxygen, 59; meets Lavoisier, 61, 85; goes to Birmingham, 65; his experiments on hydrogen, 66; his house burnt by rioters, 71; emigrates to America, 72; dies there, 73; _resume_ of his work, 102; his method compared with that of Dalton, 151. Q Quantitative analysis neglected by early chemists, 29; first accurately employed by Black, 33; used by Lavoisier, 87. R Respiration explained by Lavoisier, 91.