Consideration was also made of the weight of the useful load as separate from the weight of the vehicle itself. Animals not harnessed were considered as a part of the useful load. In Italy traffic censuses followed practically the same classification and methods as in France. In the United States some of the states have used coefficients of reduction, or importance factors, while many others have contented themselves with a count of vehicles only. In 1910 Maryland used the following: 1. Ridden horse and one-horse vehicle 2 2. Two-horse vehicles 4 3. Three-horse vehicles 6 4. Four-horse vehicles 8 5. More than four-horse vehicles 12 6. Motor cycles 2 7. Motor runabouts 10 8. Four- or five-seat touring cars 20 9. Six- or seven-seat touring cars 40 10. Motor trucks or drays 20 The New York State Highway Department took a census in 1909 in which the following classification and reduction coefficients were used: Class of Traffic Relative Weight Horse-drawn traffic Horses with vehicles 1 One-horse vehicle, light 2 One-horse vehicle, heavy 3 Two-horse vehicle, light 3 Two-horse vehicle, heavy 4 Three-horse vehicle, heavy 5 Four-horse vehicle, heavy 6 Motor vehicles Motor cycles 1 Two-passenger cars 2 Three-passenger cars 3 Four-passenger cars 4 Five-passenger cars 6 Seven-passenger cars 7 Trucks, omnibuses, etc. 10 Miscellaneous Traction engines 15 Two traction engines 30 Miscellaneous heavy traffic 5 upward The Massachusetts Highway Commission, 1912 Report, say, “After all it is not numbers which tell the story, it is weight, and it is not weight alone, but the vehicle by which it is transported, whether by horses or by motor.... All these considerations are probably not so important on many road surfaces as the actual weight imposed upon the road per inch width of tire resting upon the road.” There was used in this census the following weights: Motors Tons Runabouts 1.43 Touring cars 2.23 Trucks 6.25 Horse-drawn vehicles One-horse, light .36 One-horse, heavy 1.12 Two or more horses, light .54 Two or more horses, heavy 2.46 James and Reeves, with the United States Bureau of Public Roads, recommend the ton-mile basis and give the following weights: