Highways and Highway TransportationChatburn, George R.
History
Highways and Highway Transportation
Chatburn, George R.
Roads; Transportation
The bulletin also is authority for a statement that 91.3 per cent of
the hogs within a 50-mile circle about the Indianapolis yards are
carried by trucks, but that only 18.3 per cent at Omaha move that way,
and at St. Joseph 10.8 per cent, which indicates to them that there are
still great possibilities for the truck, especially as the truck has
not come into as extended use at many other packing centers as at the
four places treated in the bulletin.
There is no doubt but that pneumatic-tire equipment, and to a lesser
extent, the cushion-tire equipment will extend the average haul to 50
miles. Hard-surfaced roads will again extend it 25 to 50 miles, making
a haul of 75 to 100 miles not uncommon.
A further effect of the truck and the ease of marketing which it will
bring about is that hogs will be marketed in smaller quantities but
oftener. The farmer instead of turning off his marketable animals twice
a year will send them in four times a year, possibly monthly. The
tendency will be to stabilize the market over the several seasons. As
yet, the stabilizing, influence of the truck is hardly noticeable.
[Illustration: Average number of driven-in hogs marketed at
Indianapolis each month; years 1917, 1918, 1919, and 1920 being
averaged.]
[Illustration: Average number of driven-in hogs marketed at Omaha each
month; years 1917, 1918, 1919, and 1920 being averaged.]
Diagrams on pages 290 and 291 show the average monthly number of
hogs received at the yards of Indianapolis and Omaha by truck; the
years 1917, 1918, 1919, and 1920 being averaged. At Indianapolis,
where the roads are good the year around, the receipts from June to
December are much larger than those from December to June, the peaks
occurring in December and June. In Omaha, on the contrary, the greater
number of driven-in hogs came in the other half of the year the peaks
occurring in January and July. These may be partially accounted for,
in the West, on the theory that January 1st and March 1st are regular
settlement days and farmers arrange to meet their obligations then by
selling off a batch of hogs. They also plan to reduce the number of
their hogs to the minimum during the months of May, June, and July,
so as to have few fat hogs to carry through the hot weather. In the
Eastern states the farmers seem to work on a different basis. If the
selling of live stock could be spread out uniformly over the year
prices would be more uniform. An analysis of prices on the Chicago hog
market shows that they are usually highest during the summer months,
from April to August, the months when the fewest numbers are sold. The
advantage which those crops which can be stored without deterioration,
such as grain, cotton, wool, and lumber, is manifest. The price of meat
is less fluctuating than that of live stock because meat can be kept
indefinitely in the cold storage houses at a very small expense. It is
quite likely that more good roads and a more extensive use of the truck
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