In the year which saw the consummation of the Confederacy George Stewart, a man of fine critical taste, established _Stewart’s Quarterly_ at St. John, N.B. His ideal was that of the English Quarterlies; and the articles which appeared in his magazine were notably solid in substance and distinguished in literary style. _Stewart’s Quarterly_ did much to promote culture and to encourage creative writing on the part of native-born Canadian writers. Several other magazines which conformed more to the matter and style of the _Literary Garland_ were established in the first 25 years following Confederation. They all eventually went out of existence. The first magazine to endure as a cultural agency and genuine fosterer of the literary spirit was the _Canadian Magazine_, founded in 1893 by J. Gordon Mowat. Under his editorship it grew and further progressed under the editorship of John A. Cooper. In 1907 the _Canadian Magazine_ came under the editorship of Mr. Newton MacTavish. From 1907, when Mr. MacTavish became editor, there was a distinct and continually progressive change in the editorial policy of the _Canadian Magazine_. Patriotically he set out to foster the appreciation and production of fine arts and literature by native-born Canadians. To do this he reproduced in the magazine paintings and drawings by Canadian artists, along with special articles, critically appraising Canadian artists and their art. He also published essays, criticism, fiction, and poetry, by native-born Canadian writers. In fact, it was considerably due to the sympathetic and respectful encouragement which Mr. MacTavish gave to native-writers, that Canadian poets and prose writers achieved as splendidly as they have done in the first quarter of the 20th century, and that constructive literary criticism and literary history significantly developed in Canada. With the _Canadian Magazine_ should be mentioned two others, the _Queen’s Quarterly_ and the _University Magazine_. The latter was edited by Sir Andrew Macphail, and did much to foster letters and criticism in Canada. Amongst other distinctions, the _University Magazine_ published not only the best verse but also the first book of poems by Marjorie Pickthall, _Drift of Pinions_ (1913). It ceased publication in 1921. The _Queen’s Quarterly_, always well edited, is still potent in fostering letters and criticism in Canada. _The Dalhousie Review_, founded in 1921, essayed some of the ideals of the _University Magazine_. But it is given too much to critical writing by foreign _literati_ to be potent in fostering letters and criticism in Canada. CHAPTER XXXI Narrative Literature NARRATIVE LITERATURE—HISTORY—BIOGRAPHY—EXPLORATION—TRAVELS— SPORT OR OPEN-AIR LIFE. _I. History._