Highways of Canadian LiteratureLogan, J. D. (John Daniel)
History
Highways of Canadian Literature
Logan, J. D. (John Daniel)
Canadian literature -- History and criticism
Unless we think of this 18th century division of the Anglo-Saxons into
three separate peoples, politically as well as sentimentally, we shall
regard Jonathan Swift as the first systematic satiric humorist of the
Anglo-Saxon peoples. This is impossible, however, for the reason that
Swift’s satires—_The Tale of a Tub_ and _The Battle of The Books_
(1704) and _Gulliver’s Travels_ (1726)—were not only written prior to
the revolution in America but also were addressed solely or specifically
to the English people of the United Kingdom. Further, Swift was not a
consciously systematic satirist. He simply wrote, as occasion demanded,
satiric _pièces-a-thèse_. For the same reasons Laurence Sterne cannot be
regarded as the first systematic humorist of the Anglo-Saxon peoples.
Sterne’s _Tristram Shandy_ (1759-67) and _A Sentimental Journey_ (1768)
were published before there was a United States Republic and a British
North America as separate political entities. When Charles Dickens
published his _Pickwick Papers_ (1836-37), the Anglo-Saxon _peoples_ as
such—in the United States, in British North America, and in the United
Kingdom—had been a political fact for more than fifty years. Yet
Dickens cannot be regarded as the first systematic satiric humorist of
the Anglo-Saxon peoples. He definitively addressed the English people in
England. He was a benevolent humorist, aiming by comic characterization
to create sympathy with our common humanity. He also aimed to bring
about certain social reforms, but his method was that of the kindly
humorist. The satirist aims to cause pain as a remedial measure. But,
above all, Haliburton had anticipated Dickens both in time and in
method. For _The Clockmaker_, with Sam Slick as the central comic
character, was published serially in _The Novascotian_ in 1835, or a
year before the publication of the first of _The Pickwick Papers_, and
was in method a combination of humor and satire, with a distinct
political and social thesis, namely, to promote a _zollverein_ of the
Anglo-Saxon peoples. Dickens aimed mostly to entertain his own people.
Haliburton aimed to change the vision of the Anglo-Saxon peoples in the
United States, British North America, and the United Kingdom, and thus,
if possible, to effect a world-wide Anglo-Saxon union or unity. In
short, Haliburton’s works in satiric humor were not conceived and
written primarily as literature, but as social and political propaganda.
The humor in them—the ‘soft sawder’—was introduced to relieve the pain
of the satiric truth just as the comic episodes in Shakespeare’s
tragedies relieve the emotional poignancy of the tragic strain.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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