The vegetation is more alpine at Kala-panee (elevation, 5,300 feet); _Benthamia, Kadsura, Stauntonia, Illicium, Actinidia, Helwingia, Corylopsis,_ and berberry--all Japan and Chinese, and most of them Dorjiling genera--appear here, with the English yew, two rhododendrons, and _Bucklandia._ There are no large trees, but a bright green jungle of small ones and bushes, many of which are very rare and curious. _Luculia Pinceana_ makes a gorgeous show here in October. The sandstone to the east of Kala-panee is capped by some beds, forty feet thick, of conglomerate worn into cliffs; these are the remains of a very extensive horizontally stratified formation, now all but entirely denuded. In the valley itself, the sandstone alternates with alum shales, which rest on a bed of quartz conglomerate, and the latter on black greenstone. In the bed of the river, whose waters are beautifully clear, are hornstone rocks, dipping north-east, and striking north-west. Beyond the Kalapanee the road ascends about 600 feet, and is well quarried in hard greenstone; and passing through a narrow gap of conglomerate rock,* [Formed of rolled masses of greenstone and sandstone, united by a white and yellow cement.] enters a shallow, wild, and beautiful valley, through which it runs for several miles. The hills on either side are of greenstone capped by tabular sandstone, immense masses of which have been precipitated on the floor of the valley, producing a singularly wild and picturesque scene. In the gloom of the evening it is not difficult for a fertile imagination to fancy castles and cities cresting the heights above.* [_Hydrangea_ grows here, with ivy, _Mussoenda, Pyrua,_ willow, _Viburnum, Parnassia, Anemone, Leycesteria formosa, Neillia, Rubus, Astilbe,_ rose, _Panax,_ apple, _Bucklandia, Daphne,_ pepper, _Scindapsus, Pierix,_ holly, _Lilium giganteum_ ("Kalang tatti," Khas.), _Camellia, Elaeocarpus, Buddleia,_ etc. Large bees' nests hang from the rocks.] There is some cultivation here of potatoes, and of _Rhysicosia vestita_ a beautiful purple-flowered leguminous plant, with small tuberous roots. Beyond this, a high ridge is gained above the valley of the Boga-panee, the largest river in the Khasia; from this the Bhotan Himalaya may be seen in clear weather, at the astonishing distance of from 160 to 200 miles! The vegetation here suddenly assumes a different aspect, from the quantity of stunted fir-trees clothing the north side of the valley, which rises very steeply 1000 feet above the river: quite unaccountably, however, not one grows on the south face. A new oak also appears abundantly; it has leaves like the English, whose gnarled habit it also assumes.