sl. 231. To debauch a friend's wife, a maiden, a sister, a woman of the lowest grade, a female relative, a son's wife,--these [sins] are recorded as equivalent to violation of a _guru's_ bed. sl. 232. To debauch a father's sister, or a mother's, the wife of a maternal uncle, a daughter-in-law, a step-mother, the sister or daughter of an _áchárya_, sl. 233. or his wife, or one's own daughter,--these are equal to violation of a _guru's_ bed. The penalty is death, the pudenda [of the criminal] being previously amputated. A like doom is for the woman, if she consented. See Manu, ch. 9, sl. 235; ch. 11, sl. 54--58, sl. 170--180. As to the _guru_ and _áchárya_, the following is the 34th sloka of Yájnavalkya's first book:--He is a man's _guru_, who, after going through the ritual, imparts to him the Veda: he is _áchárya_, who invests with the sacred cord and then imparts the Veda.] [Footnote 156: Manu, ch. 8, sl. 89 &c.] [Footnote 157: _guni_, referring not merely to personal qualities or eminence in virtue, but to possession of wealth, sons, and learning: so explained by the Commentator.] [Footnote 158: Manu, ch. 8, sl. 73.] [Footnote 159: The Commentator explains this to refer to the fine which would be payable on failure (supra sl. 11).] [Footnote 160: out of the realm. (_M._) Manu, ch. 8. sl. 119-124.] [Footnote 161: supra, sl. 73.] [Footnote 162: The Commentator adds--If the bráhmaṇ, or any of the other casts, cannot pay the fine, he must suffer imprisonment and the labour proper to his cast. He explains the enormity of the offence described in this sloka to consist in the contempt of Court.] [Footnote 163: _i. e._ if, by such untruth, the death be averted. If from testimony either way, the alternative of the death of the plaintiff or defendant must ensue, the witness should maintain silence, the monarch assenting. In case the monarch do not assent, the testimony may be rendered of no avail by confusing the witness: if this cannot be effected, then let the truth be spoken; for by so doing one fault only is incurred, _viz._ causing the death, whereas from untruth would arise the sin of it as well as of the death. (_M._)] [Footnote 164: Manu, ch. 8, sl. 104, 105.] [Footnote 165: &c. _i. e._ his property, tribe, calling, customs, &c. (_M._)] [Footnote 166: Manu, ch. 8, sl. 168.] [Footnote 167: literally "by three only," explained by the Commentator as above rendered.] [Footnote 168: the Commentator considers the &c. here to signify, testing the handwriting of the writers or amanuenses employed.] [Footnote 169: _i. e._ consideration of place, time, and persons connected with possession of the document. (_M._)]