[Footnote 192: _dharma_ wife is defined by the Commentator, a wife of the same cast with her husband, and wedded to him according to the _bráhma_ and other approved forms of marriage; which are described in the first book, sl. 58-61, _viz._ "In the marriage called _bráhma_, [the bride], adorned in a manner suitable to the means [of her family], is bestowed upon the invited bridegroom,--In the _daiva_ [marriage, the bride is made over] to the priest whilst offering sacrifice: _ársha_ [marriage], is where [the bride's father] receives a pair of kine.--In the _káya_ [marriage, the bride] is delivered to the suitor with the injunction, Together practise the rules of duty! In the _asura_ [marriage], wealth is received [from the bridegroom]. _Gándharva_ is [a union in marriage] by mutual consent [of the parties]: the _rákshasa_ [marriage], is by capture [of the woman] in war: the _paiśácha_ [marriage, where she is obtained] by deception." Manu ch. 3, sl. 20 _et. seq._] [Footnote 193: _scil._ according to Vaśishṭha, such as, by agreement between father and son-in-law, at the time of the daughter's marriage, has been, by anticipation, given up to the father. (_M._) And the Commentator notes, that the term used, _puttrikásata_, may be also rendered or understood 'daughter as a son' _i. e._ a daughter appointed or placed in the same position and with the same rights as a son.] [Footnote 194: _sagotra._] [Footnote 195: it being merely known that the father is a man of the same cast, not who he is. (_M._)] [Footnote 196: privately, in the father's house. (_M._) Manu adds the condition, if she marry her lover; ch. 9, sl. 172.] [Footnote 197: Manu, ch. 9, sl. 175.] [Footnote 198: This is permitted to a man of the same cast, in time of distress; but only where there are several sons: the eldest cannot be bestowed as a gift-son. (_M._) Manu, ch. 9, sl. 168.] [Footnote 199: The Commentator explains, that this can only be on the same conditions as the given or gift son. Manu, ch. 9, sl. 174.] [Footnote 200: having lost his parents, or being abandoned by them. (_M._) We have some doubt of the Commentator's meaning: here as the alternative includes a separate head and description, _viz._ (xii) in the succeeding sloka. The word rendered 'abandoned' literally signifies 'liberated,' 'set free;' so the meaning may be,--one who is left free to choose for himself.] [Footnote 201: Manu, ch. 9, sl. 173.] [Footnote 202: ibid. sl. 171.] [Footnote 203: _piṇḍa_, which literally signifies any round substance. The cake is a compound, in form of a ball, given as an offering to the dead.] [Footnote 204: The Commentator quotes Vaśishṭha--If a son be adopted, and afterwards an _aurasa_ be born, the former takes a fourth part--and deduces from this, that a son of any inferior grade receives a fourth share when superseded by an afterborn _aurasa._] [Footnote 205: Manu, ch. 9, sl. 179.]