[Footnote 273: Supra, p. 7.] [Footnote 274: These facts are related, says the Commentator, as an index to or test of the honesty of metal-workers.] [Footnote 275: Made into coarse thread. (_M._)] [Footnote 276: This sloka, as appears from the Commentary, is in allusion to the loss on working or manufacture of textile fabrics mentioned in the previous slokas.] [Footnote 277: or given or pledged. (_M._)] [Footnote 278: The slavery or servitude being to secure or work out a debt.] [Footnote 279: _e.g._ a bráhmaṇ cannot be slave to a kshattriya. Manu, ch. 8, sl. 410--15.] [Footnote 280: _scil._ medicine or handicraft. (_M._)] [Footnote 281: The Commentator thus explains and analyses the subject of servitude or working for others: There are two descriptions of persons who serve. I. Those whose employment is of a respectable kind. II. Those whose employment is not so. The first division he subdivides into--1, the disciple; 2, the apprentice; 3, the workman; 4, the overseer. The disciple is the student of the vedas; the apprentice is one learning an art; the workman is one who is paid for his work; the overseer superintends workmen. There are three sorts of workmen--1, soldiers; 2, husbandmen; 3, they who bear burdens. II. The other and meaner description of employment is performed by slaves, _scil._ cleaning the house, cleaning away filth, &c. Slaves, the Commentator subdivides, according to their origin and mode of enslavement, into fifteen classes, _scil._ 1. A born slave of the house. 2. A purchased slave. 3. One [otherwise] acquired _e.g._ by donation. 4. One obtained by inheritance. 5. One rescued from starvation during a famine. 6. One received in pledge. 7. One who becomes a slave to discharge a debt. 8. A captive in war. 9. One whose freedom has been lost by wager. 10. A volunteer slave. 11. An apostate from the condition of a _pravajita_ or religious mendicant. 12. A slave for a prescribed term. 13. A slave for subsistence sake. 14. One enslaved by espousing a woman who is a slave. 15. One who has sold himself.] [Footnote 282: _scil._ duties prescribed by the Śruti and Smriti, according to their cast and grade. (_M._)] [Footnote 283: such as, tending cattle, conservation of water, care of temples, &c. (_M._)] [Footnote 284: _scil._ to entertain travellers, or injunction to see that horses or other provision be not furnished to the enemies of the State. (_M._)] [Footnote 285: _i. e._ for a heinous offence: for minor offences, fines, as declared by Manu, shall be imposed. (_M._) Manu, ch. 8, sl. 220, is probably here referred to.] [Footnote 286: The term used _hitavádi_ signifies, who speak for the welfare of; which we assume to have the sense we have given to it.] [Footnote 287: Supra bk. 1, sl. 365.] [Footnote 288: Supra note[282].]