Hinduism and Buddhism, An Historical Sketch, Vol. 2Eliot, Charles
Religion
Hinduism and Buddhism, An Historical Sketch, Vol. 2
Eliot, Charles
Asia -- Religion; Buddhism; Hinduism
It is commonly said that whereas the whole divine nature of Vishṇu
was embodied in Kṛishṇa, Râma was only a partial incarnation. Half
the god's essence took human form in him, the other half being
distributed among his brothers. Kṛishṇa is a greater figure in
popular esteem and receives the exclusive devotion of more
worshippers. The name of Râma commands the reverence of most Hindus,
and has a place in their prayers, but his figure has not been invested
with the attributes (often of dubious moral value) which most attract
sectarian devotion. His worship combines easily with the adoration of
other deities. The great temple of Ramesvaram on Adam's Bridge is
dedicated not to Râma himself but to the linga which he erected there,
and Tulsi Das, the author of the Hindi Râmâyaṇa, while invoking Râma
as the Supreme Lord and redeemer of the world, emphatically
states[363] that his worship is not antagonistic to that of Śiva.
No inscriptions nor ancient references testify to the worship of Râma
before our era and in the subsequent centuries two phases can be
distinguished. First, Râma is a great hero, an incarnation of Vishṇu
for a particular purpose and analogous to the Vâmana or any other
avatâra: deserving as such of all respect but still not the object of
any special cult. This is the view taken of Râma in the Mahâbhârata,
the Purâṇas, the Raghuvaṃsa, and those parts of the Râmâyaṇa which
go beyond it are probably late additions.[364] But secondly Râma
becomes for his worshippers the supreme deity. Râmânuja (on the
Vedânta sûtras, II. 42) mentions him and Kṛishṇa as two great
incarnations in which the supreme being became manifest, and since
Kṛishṇa was certainly worshipped at this period as identical with
the All-God, it would appear that Râma held the same position. Yet it
was not until the fourteenth or fifteenth century that he became for
many sects the central and ultimate divine figure.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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