Hinduism and Buddhism, An Historical Sketch, Vol. 2Eliot, Charles
Religion
Hinduism and Buddhism, An Historical Sketch, Vol. 2
Eliot, Charles
Asia -- Religion; Buddhism; Hinduism
The legend represents him as the son of Vasudeva, who belonged to the
Sâttvata sept[374] of the Yâdava tribe, and of his wife Devakî. It had
been predicted to Kaṃsa, king of Mathura (Muttra), that one of her
sons would kill him. He therefore slew her first six children: the
seventh, Balarâma, who is often counted as an incarnation of Vishṇu,
was transferred by divine intervention to the womb of Rohinî.
Kṛishṇa, the eighth, escaped by more natural methods. His father was
able to give him into the charge of Nanda, a herdsman, and his wife
Yâsodâ who brought him up at Gokula and Vrindâvana. Here his youth was
passed in sporting with the Gopîs or milk-maids, of whom he is said to
have married a thousand. He had time, however, to perform acts of
heroism, and after killing Kaṃsa, he transported the inhabitants of
Mathura to the city of Dvârakâ which he had built on the coast of
Gujarat. He became king of the Yâdavas and continued his mission of
clearing the earth of tyrants and monsters. In the struggle between
the Pâṇḍavas and the sons of Dhṛitarâshtṛa he championed the cause
of the former, and after the conclusion of the war retired to Dvârakâ.
Internecine conflict broke out among the Yâdavas and annihilated the
race. Kṛishṇa himself withdrew to the forest and was killed by a
hunter called Jaras (old age) who shot him supposing him to be a deer.
In the Mahâbhârata and several Purâṇas this bare outline is distended
with a plethora of miraculous incident remarkable even in Indian
literature, and almost all possible forms of divine and human activity
are attributed to this many-sided figure. We may indeed suspect that
his personality is dual even in the simplest form of the legend for
the scene changes from Mathurâ to Dvârakâ, and his character is not
quite the same in the two regions. It is probable that an ancient
military hero of the west has been combined with a deity or perhaps
more than one deity. The pile of story, sentiment and theology which
ages have heaped up round Kṛishṇa's name, represents him in three
principal aspects. Firstly, he is a warrior who destroys the powers of
evil. Secondly, he is associated with love in all its forms, ranging
from amorous sport to the love of God in the most spiritual and
mystical sense. Thirdly, he is not only a deity, but he actually
becomes God in the European and also in the pantheistic acceptation of
the word, and is the centre of a philosophic theology.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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