[Footnote 574: XI. 5. 38-40.] [Footnote 575: Bhandarkar (_Vaishṇ. and Śaivism_, p. 50) thinks it probable that Kulaśekhara, one of the middle Âr̤vârs, lived about 1130. But the argument is not conclusive and it seems to me improbable that he lived after Nâthamuni.] [Footnote 576: The first called Mudal-Âyiram consists of nine hymns ascribed to various saints such as Periyâr̤var and Andal. The second and third each consist of a single work the Periya-tiru-mor̤i and the Tiru-vay-mor̤i ascribed to Tiru-mangai and Namm'âr̤vâr respectively. The fourth part or Iyar-pa is like the first a miscellany containing further compositions by these two as well as by others.] [Footnote 577: Nityânusandhânam series: edited with Telugu paraphrase and English translation by M.B. Srinivasa Aiyangar, Madras, 1898.] [Footnote 578: The best known is the Guru-paramparâ-prabhâvam of Brahmatantra-svatantra-swâmi. For an English account of these doctors see T. Râjagopala Chariar, _The Vaishṇavite Reformers of India_, Madras, 1909.] [Footnote 579: Âgamaprâmâṇya. He also wrote a well-known hymn called Âlavandâr-Stotram and a philosophical treatise called Siddhi-traya.] [Footnote 580: He states himself that he followed Boddhâyana, a commentator on the Sûtras of unknown date but anterior to Śaṅkara. He quotes several other commentators particularly Dramiḍa, so that his school must have had a long line of teachers.] [Footnote 581: See _Gazetteer of India_, vol. XXIII. s.v. There is a Kanarese account of his life called Dibya-caritra. For his life and teaching see also Bhandarkar in _Berichte VIIth Int. Orient. Congress_, 1886, pp. 101 ff. Lives in English have been published at Madras by Alkondaville Govindâcârya (1906) and Kṛishṇaswami Aiyangar (? 1909).] [Footnote 582: He also wrote the Vedârtha Saṅgraha, Vedârtha Pradîpa, Vedânta Sâra and a commentary on the Bhagavad-gîtâ.] [Footnote 583: _S.B.E._ XLVIII. p. 3.] [Footnote 584: II. 2. 36-39.] [Footnote 585: II. 2. 43 _ad fin._] [Footnote 586: Râmânuja's introduction to the Bhagavad-gîtâ is more ornate but does not go much further in doctrine than the passage here quoted.] [Footnote 587: This fivefold manifestation of the deity is a characteristic Pâncarâtra doctrine. See Schrader, _Int._ pp. 25, 51 and _Śrî Bhâshya_, II. 242.] [Footnote 588: See Br. Ar. Up III. 7. The Śrî Vaishṇavas attach great importance to this chapter.] [Footnote 589: Only relatively northern and southern. Neither flourish in what we call northern India.]