[Footnote 625: Growse, _Mathurâ_, p. 157, says this formula is based on the Nâradapancarâtra. It is called Samarpana, dedication, or Brahma-sambandha, connecting oneself with the Supreme Being.] [Footnote 626: For instance "Whoever holds his Guru and Kṛishṇa to be distinct and different shall be born again as a bird." Harirayaji 32. Quoted in _History of the Sect of the Mahârâjas_, p. 82.] [Footnote 627: In the ordinary ceremonial the Maharaj stands beside the image of Kṛishṇa and acknowledges the worship offered. Sometimes he is swung in a swing with or without the image. The hymns sung on these occasions are frequently immoral. Even more licentious are the meetings or dances known as Ras Mandali and Ras Lîlâ. A meal of hot food seasoned with aphrodisiacs is also said to be provided in the temples. The water in which the Maharaj's linen or feet have been washed is sold for a high price and actually drunk by devotees.] [Footnote 628: Strictly speaking the Râdhâ-Vallabhis are not an offshoot of Vallabha's school, but of the Nimâvats or of the Mâdhva-sampradâya. The theory underlying their strange practices seems to be that Kṛishṇa is the only male and that all mankind should cultivate sentiments of female love for him. See Macnicol, _Indian Theism_, p. 134.] [Footnote 629: But other explanations are current such as Lord of the senses or Lord of the Vedas.] [Footnote 630: See Growse, _Mathurâ_, p. 153. I can entirely confirm what he says. This mean, inartistic, dirty place certainly suggests moral depravity.] [Footnote 631: His real name was Sahajânanda.] [Footnote 632: Caran Das (1703-1782) founded a somewhat similar sect which professed to abolish idolatry and laid great stress on ethics. See Grierson's article Caran Das in _E.R.E._] [Footnote 633: But Vishnuite writers distinguish _kâma_ desire and _prema_ love, just as _ερως_ and _ἁγἁπη_ are distinguished in Greek. See Dinesh Chandra Sen, _l.c._ p. 485.] [Footnote 634: Dinesh Chandra Sen, _History of Bengali Language and Literature_, pp. 134-5.] [Footnote 635: For Caitanya see Dinesh Chandra Sen, _History of Bengali Language and Lit._ chap. V. and Jadunath Sarkar, _Chaitanya's Pilgrimages and teachings from the Caitanya-Caritâmrita_ of Kṛishṇa Das (1590) founded on the earlier Caitanya-Caritra of Brindavan. Several of Caitanya's followers were also voluminous writers.] [Footnote 636: He married the daughter of a certain Vallabha who apparently was not the founder of the Sect, as is often stated.] [Footnote 637: The theology of the sect may be studied in Baladeva's commentary on the Vedânta sûtras and his Prameya Ratnâvalî, both contained in vol. V. of the _Sacred Books of the Hindus_. It would appear that the sect regards itself as a continuation of the Brahma-sampradâya but its tenets have more resemblance to those of Vallabha.]