Hinduism and Buddhism, An Historical Sketch, Vol. 2Eliot, Charles
Religion
Hinduism and Buddhism, An Historical Sketch, Vol. 2
Eliot, Charles
Asia -- Religion; Buddhism; Hinduism
Various lists of Tantras are given and it is generally admitted that
many have been lost. The most complete, but somewhat theoretical
enumeration[703] divides India and the adjoining lands into three
regions to each of which sixty-four Tantras are assigned. The best
known names are perhaps Mahânirvâṇa,[704] Sâradâtilaka,[705] Yoginî,
Kulârṇava[706] and Rudra-Yâmala. A Tantra is generally cast in the
form of a dialogue in which Śiva instructs his consort but sometimes
_vice versâ_. It is said that the former class are correctly described
as Âgamas and the works where the Śakti addresses Śiva as
Nigamas.[707] Some are also called Yâmalas and Dâmaras but I have
found no definition of the meaning of these words. The Prapañcasâra
Tantra[708] professes to be a revelation from Nârâyaṇa.
Śâktism and the Tantras which teach it are generally condemned by
Hindus of other sects.[709] It is arguable that this condemnation is
unjust, for like other forms of Hinduism the Tantras make the
liberation of the soul their object and prescribe a life of religious
observances including asceticism and meditation, after which the adept
becomes released even in this life. But however much new tantric
literature may be made accessible in future, I doubt if impartial
criticism will come to any opinion except that Śâktism and Tantrism
collect and emphasize what is superficial, trivial and even bad in
Indian religion, omitting or neglecting its higher sides. If for
instance the Mahânirvâṇa Tantra which is a good specimen of these
works be compared with Śaṅkara's commentary on the Vedânta Sûtras, or
the poems of Tulsi Das, it will be seen that it is woefully deficient
in the excellences of either. But many tantric treatises are chiefly
concerned with charms, spells, amulets and other magical methods of
obtaining wealth, causing or averting disease and destroying enemies,
processes which even if efficacious have nothing to do with the better
side of religion.[710]
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