[Footnote 353: See _B.E.F.E.O._ 1904, pp. 912 ff. and esp. p. 970. I have seen a kosha which is still in use in the neighbourhood of Badami. It is kept in a village called Nandikeśvara, but on certain festivals it is put on a linga at the temple of Mahakut. It is about 2 feet high and 10 inches broad; a silver case with a rounded and ornamented top. On one side is a single face in bold embossed work and bearing fine moustaches exactly as in the mukhalingas of Champa. In the tank of the temple of Mahakut is a half submerged shrine, from which rises a stone linga on which are carved four faces bearing moustaches. There is said to be a gold kosha set with jewels at Śringeri. See _J. Mythic. Society_ (Bangalore), vol. VIII. p. 27. According to Gopinatha Rao, _Indian Iconography_, vol. II. p. 63, the oldest known lingas have figures carved on them.] [Footnote 354: _Corpus_, II. pp. 229, 230.] [Footnote 355: _B.E.F.E.O._ 1904, pp. 959, 960.] [Footnote 356: See for an account of same _B.E.F.E.O._ 1901, p. 18.] [Footnote 357: _Corpus_, II. p. 282.] [Footnote 358: In several passages Hsüan Chuang notes that there were Pâśupatas or other Śivaites in the same towns of India where Sammitiyas were found. See Watters, _Yüan Chwang_, I. 331, 333; II. 47, 242, 256, 258, 259.] [Footnote 359: Maspéro, _T'oung Pao_, 1910, p. 514.] [Footnote 360: At Yang Kur. See _Corpus_, II. pp. 237-241.] [Footnote 361: For his views see his inscriptions in _B.E.F.E.O._ 1904, pp. 85 ff. But kings who are not known to have been Buddhists also speak of Dharma. _B.E.F.E.O._ 1904, pp. 922, 945.] [Footnote 362: Apparently special forms of deities such as Śrîśânabhadreśvara or Lakshmînda Lokeśvara were regarded as to some extent separate existences. Thus the former is called a portion of Śiva, _B.E.F.E.O._ 1904, p. 973.] [Footnote 363: Presumably in the form of vessels.] [Footnote 364: _B.E.F.E.O._ 1904, pp. 973-975.] [Footnote 365: _B.E.F.E.O._ 1904, p. 975.] [Footnote 366: _Ib._ 1901, p. 23, and Parmentier, _Inventaire des Monuments Chams_, p. 542.] [Footnote 367: Gabriel de San Antonio, _Breve y verdadera relation de los successes de Reyno de Camboxa_, 1604.] [Footnote 368: See for the modern Chams the article "Chams" in _E.R.E. and Ethics_, and Durand, "Les Chams Bani," _B.E.F.E.O._ 1903, and "Notes sur les Chams," _ib._ 1905-7.] CHAPTER XL JAVA AND THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO 1