[Footnote 532: An Chou, the Prince to whose memory the temple was dedicated, seems to be regarded as a manifestation of Maitreya.] [Footnote 533: _J.A._ 1913, I. p. 154. The series of three articles by Chavannes and Pelliot entitled "Un traité Manichéen retrouvé en Chine" (_J.A._ 1911, 1913) is a most valuable contribution to our knowledge of Manichæism in Central Asia and China.] [Footnote 534: _E.g._ see _J.A._ 1911, pp. 509 and 589. See also Le Coq, _Sitzb. preuss. Akad. der Wiss._ 48, 1909, 1202-1218.] [Footnote 535: _J.A._ 1913, I. pp. 116 and 132.] [Footnote 536: See especially Havret, "La stèle chrétienne de Si-ngan-fu" in _Variétés Sinologues_, pp. 7, 12 and 20.] [Footnote 537: See Havret, _l.c_. III. p. 54, for some interesting remarks respecting the unwillingness of the Nestorians and also of the Jesuits to give publicity to the crucifixion.] [Footnote 538: See Takakusu, _I-tsing_, pp. 169, 223, and _T'oung Pao_, 1896, p. 589.] [Footnote 539: Turfan and Kucha are spoken of as being mainly Hînayânist.] [Footnote 540: See Stein, _Zoroastrian deities on Indo-Scythian coins_, 1887.] [Footnote 541: See _S.B.E._ IV. (Vendîdad) pp. 145, 209; XXIII. p. 184, V. p. III.] [Footnote 542: Chap. VII. The notices in Chaps. XXII. and XXIV. are rather more detailed but also later.] [Footnote 543: XII. p. 23.] [Footnote 544: Transl. Schiefner, pp. 93, 105 and 303, and Pander's _Pantheon_, No. 11. But Târanâtha also says that he was Aryadeva's pupil.] [Footnote 545: Śara in Sanskrit.] [Footnote 546: The doctrine of salvation by faith alone seems to be later. The longer and apparently older version of the Sukhâvatî Vyûha insists on good works as a condition of entry into Paradise.] [Footnote 547: _S.B.E._ IV. p. 293; _ib._ XXXIII. pp. 317 and 344.] [Footnote 548: It may also be noticed that Ameretât, the Archangel of immortality, presides over vegetation and that Amida's paradise is full of flowers.] [Footnote 549: _S.B.E._ XXIII. pp. 335-7.] [Footnote 550: _S.B.E._ XXXI. p. 261.] [Footnote 551: _S.B.E._ XXIII. pp. 21-31 (the Ormasd Yasht).] [Footnote 552: Is it possible that there is any connection between Sukhâvatî and the land of Saukavastan, governed by an immortal ruler and located by the Bundehish between Turkistan and Chinistan? I imagine there is no etymological relationship, but if Saukavastan was well known as a land of the blessed it may have influenced the choice of a significant Sanskrit word with a similar sound.] [Footnote 553: _E.R.E. sub voce_.] [Footnote 554: _J.A._ 1912, I. p. 622. Unfortunately only a brief notice of his communication is given with no details. See also S. Lévi, _Le Népâl_, pp. 330 ff.] [Footnote 555: Ti-tsang in Chinese, Jizo in Japanese. See for his history Visser's elaborate articles in _Ostasiatische Ztsft._ 1913-1915.] [Footnote 556: He was accepted by the Manichæans as one of the Envoys of Light. _J.A._ 1911, II. p. 549.] CHAPTER XLII CHINA _Prefatory note._