[Footnote 224: When gifts of food are made to monks on ceremonial occasions, they usually acknowledge the receipt by reciting verses 7 and 8 of this Sutta, commonly known as _Yathâ_ from the first word.] [Footnote 225: Kathina in Pali. See Mahâvag. cap. VII.] [Footnote 226: Fournereau, p. 225.] [Footnote 227: The ploughing festival is a recognized imperial ceremony in China. In India ceremonies for private landowners are prescribed in the Gṛihya Sûtras but I do not know if their performance by kings is anywhere definitely ordered. However in the Nidâna Kathâ 270 the Buddha's father celebrates an imposing ploughing ceremony.] [Footnote 228: _I.e._ Tusita. Compare such English names descriptive of beautiful scenery as Heaven's Gate.] [Footnote 229: See Keith, _Aitereya Aranyaka_, pp. 174-178. The ceremony there described undoubtedly originated in a very ancient popular festival.] [Footnote 230: _I.e._ float-raft. Most authors give the word as Krathong, but Pallegoix prefers Kathong.] [Footnote 231: _Chulakantamangalam_, Bangkok, 1893.] [Footnote 232: P.A. Thompson, _Lotus Land_, p. 134.] [Footnote 233: For the Brahmans of Siam see Frankfürter, _Oriental. Archiv._ 1913, pp. 196-7.] [Footnote 234: _Chulakantamangala_, p. 56.] [Footnote 235: They are mostly observances such as Gotama would have classed among "low arts" (tîracchânavijjâ). At present the monks of Siam deal freely in charms and exorcisms but on important occasions public opinion seems to have greater confidence in the skill and power of Brahmans.] [Footnote 236: King Śrî Sûryavaṃsa Râma relates in an inscription of about 1365 how he set up statues of Parameśvara and Vishṇukarma (?) and appointed Brahmans to serve them.] [Footnote 237: Maj. Nik. 47.] [Footnote 238: _Siam Society_, vol. IV. part ii. 1907. _Some Siamese ghost-lore_ by A.J. Irwin.] [Footnote 239: _Jour. Siam Soc._ 1909, p. 28. "In yonder mountain is a demon spirit Phră Khăphŭng that is greater than every other spirit in this realm. If any Prince ruling this realm reverences him well with proper offerings, this realm stands firm, this realm prospers. If the spirit be not reverenced well, if the offerings be not right, the spirit in the mountain does not protect, does not regard:--this realm perishes."] [Footnote 240: The most popular life of the Buddha in Siamese is called Pa:thó̆mma Só̆mphôthĩyan, translated by Alabaster in _The Wheel of the Law_. But like the Lalita vistara and other Indian lives on which it is modelled it stops short at the enlightenment. Another well-known religious book is the Traiphûm ( = Tribhûmi), an account of the universe according to Hindu principles, compiled in 1776 from various ancient works. The Pali literature of Siam is not very large. Some account of it is given by Coedès in _B.E.F.E.O._ 1915, III. pp. 39-46.]