In bacillary dysentery emetine is nearly or quite useless, and recourse should be had to a saline treatment. A mixture containing sixty grains of sodium or magnesium sulphate, fifteen drops of dilute sulphuric acid, and five drops of tincture of ginger can be given in half an ounce of peppermint water, if necessary, every two hours at first, and then every four or six hours, until the stools are watery and bile-stained. An alternative method of treatment, but one which is not so satisfactory, is to give half-grain doses of calomel every hour for twelve hours on three successive days. The patient must, however, be watched for such symptoms as tenderness of the gums, salivation (_i.e._, great increase of the saliva), and a metallic taste in the mouth. Should such symptoms arise the doses must be reduced or the drug discontinued. The general treatment is the same as that for amœbic dysentery. As colic is often very severe, turpentine stupes or poultices to the abdomen are often indicated. A specific anti-dysenteric serum is now employed in cases of bacillary dysentery, but its administration requires medical skill. When the acute dysenteric attack is over, bismuth may be given, and various astringent enemata may be tried, but these should not be administered in the absence of a physician. A simple form of enema, however, is one containing a teaspoonful of alum or ten grains of sulphate of iron to the pint. _Enteric or Typhoid Fever, including the Paratyphoid Fevers._ It is impossible to give a full account of the enteric fevers here, and moreover the presence of a medical man, still more of a good nurse, is absolutely necessary for their proper treatment. The chief early symptoms, however, will be given, and a few hints as to their treatment. For all practical purposes paratyphoid fever may be considered as a mild variety of typhoid. The disease is characterised by ulceration of the small bowel, with continued high fever, and is usually accompanied by diarrhœa. _Causes._—It is generally caused by the drinking of impure water, but may also be transmitted by all the causes operative in the case of dysentery (_see_ p. 185). The incubation period is from ten to fifteen days. _Symptoms._—The early symptoms of the disease are often so slight that the patient will not believe he is really ill; he may just feel out of sorts, or complain of headache, but still go about his work. There may be diarrhœa, or occasionally constipation. After five or six days the patient is generally compelled to give up and go to bed, headache or diarrhœa, or both, being the chief complaint. The temperature goes up in a characteristic manner, rising a little more every evening till it eventually reaches 103° or 104° F. There may be some cough, and often this symptom is a very troublesome one.