_Prophylaxis._—Ensure a good dietary containing sufficient anti-scorbutic
elements. Wherever possible, fresh meat, fresh vegetables, and fresh
fruit should be supplied. Lemon juice is valuable. It should be noted
that it is four times as efficient as the lime juice which used formerly
to be employed. The ration should be one ounce daily served with sugar.
Germinating peas, beans, and other pulses contain the anti-scorbutic
elements in large quantity. It is a simple matter to carry a supply
of these pulses and to germinate them when required. The dry seeds
must be whole, retaining their original seed-coat. In order to make
them germinate they are placed in a clean sack and steeped in a vessel
containing clean water, which should be occasionally stirred. Sack and
trough should be large enough to allow for the swelling of the pulses to
about three times their original size. In a hot climate six to twelve
hours is sufficient for this soaking. Thereafter, lift the seeds out
of the water and spread them out to a depth not exceeding two or three
inches in some vessel which allows free access of air to them. Keep
them moist by covering with sacking, which is wetted at intervals. The
germination should reach the stage necessary within twenty-four hours
in a hot climate, and the pulses should be cooked and eaten as soon as
possible after germination. Care should be taken not to overcook them.
At a pinch germination may be effected by placing the seeds between wet
blankets, but this is a rough-and-ready method not to be recommended.
It is important to attend to oral hygiene, especially the regular use
of the tooth-brush. Vegetables should never be overcooked. In the case
of African native followers Kaffir beer made from germinated grain is
of great value; one pint should be given daily per head. Potatoes and
root vegetables are useful, and the onion is a valuable food in this
connexion. Fresh meat is not so effective as either fresh fruit or
vegetables.
_Treatment._—This is chiefly dietetic, and the same foods and substances
as are mentioned under prophylaxis are used also for the cure of scurvy.
In addition, scurvy patients should be kept in bed, given plenty of
fresh air, and have the affected parts massaged. Tonics and mouth-washes
are indicated, and a liberal diet with plenty of fat in it should be
provided. Where fresh fruit cannot be obtained raw meat and raw fresh
eggs in milk form a good substitute.
_Sea-Sickness._
Take a saline aperient on the day before embarking, and a light plain
meal at least three hours before going on board. A cup of good tea or
black coffee soon after starting is often of use.
Those liable to sea-sickness should go to bed directly they get on board:
the head should be kept low and the room darkened. A mustard leaf applied
to the pit of the stomach is of value in diminishing the tendency to
vomit. An abdominal belt is useful from the gentle support it gives. A
hot-water bottle may be applied to the feet.
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