A solution containing five grains to the ounce of water may be used as a mouth wash for bleeding or inflamed gums, as a gargle for relaxed and sore throats, or as a lotion for inflamed eyes. Ten to twenty ounces of a solution containing five grains to the ounce is sometimes used as an enema to check the diarrhœa in chronic dysentery. The tablet of alum weighs ten grains. _Ammonia._—Three preparations of ammonia, viz., Sal volatile, Carbonate of ammonia, and Liquor ammoniæ, are extremely valuable as stimulants, and in this respect they are to be preferred to alcohol. All three are similar in their action, and are useful on account of their stimulating effect upon the heart in cases of fainting, or collapse caused by snake-bite, bullet-wound, or other injury; they relieve spasm, and promote sweating in feverish states. They also cause free expectoration, and are therefore useful in the later stages of bronchitis. The chief objection to these drugs is that their strength is rapidly lost, unless they are kept in well-stoppered bottles, and in the dark. All preparations of ammonia should be administered in about one ounce of water. _Sal volatile, or aromatic spirit of ammonia._—Dose, twenty to sixty drops for a single administration, or up to thirty drops if repeated frequently. This is the most convenient and pleasant preparation of ammonia, but is bulky. As a local application, it is of service in relieving the pain caused by the bites of certain insects, _e.g._, mosquitoes and fleas. _Carbonate of ammonia._—Dose, three to ten grains. _Liquor ammoniæ, or solution of ammonia._—Dose, five to twenty drops. (_Note._—This is not the strong solution, which is always labelled “Liq. Ammon. Fort.,” and which is three times stronger than liquor ammoniæ.) _Ammonium chloride._—Dose, five to twenty grains. This drug is chiefly used in congestion of the liver, especially where acute inflammation or abscess is threatened; at times it is useful in neuralgia and chronic bronchitis. It is also used for inflamed and relaxed sore throat, in the form of a gargle, five to ten grains to the ounce of water. _Antipyrine._—Dose, five to ten grains. (Uses as Phenacetin.) * _Araroba, Chrysarobin, or Goa powder._—Is not for internal use. One part of the powder mixed with one of acetic acid and fourteen of lard makes what is known as araroba ointment. _Araroba ointment_ is useful in many skin diseases, such as psoriasis; it easily destroys the parasites in ringworm, dhobie itch, or kraw kraw. It is a powerful drug, and should be used only in small amounts, for if applied too freely it will cause some inflammation and pain. Care must be taken that it is not rubbed into the eyes. * _Aromatic chalk with opium tablets._—Ten grains three times a day in severe cases of diarrhœa.