_The preparations of quinine._—Many preparations of quinine are made; they are all popularly known as quinine, their uses are similar, and the doses are as follows:— Dose, one to five grains, as a tonic. ” five or more grains as a preventive of malaria. ” five to twenty grains, in fevers. _Sulphate of quinine._—This is the preparation most commonly used; but it is very insoluble in water, and should be given along with a little dilute acid. _Acid sulphate of quinine_, sometimes called bisulphate, soluble or neutral sulphate of quinine. The acid sulphate is much more soluble than the sulphate, and is a more suitable preparation for administration by the mouth or for injection into the bowel. _Hydrochloride of quinine._—Is a very soluble preparation, and contains a large percentage of quinine. _Quinine hydrobromide._—Is more soluble than the sulphate, and less liable to cause headache and other quinine symptoms. _Acid quinine hydrobromide._—Very soluble and non-irritating. Solubility, one in six of water. _Tannate of quinine._—Is a weak preparation, but suitable for children. Solubility, one in ten of water. _Acid quinine hydrochloride, or quinine bihydrochloride._—Is a very soluble preparation, and is suitable for hypodermic injection, but is somewhat expensive. It is soluble in less than its own weight of water. For administration by the mouth or bowel, the traveller is advised to take either the hydrochloride or the bisulphate of quinine. For intra-muscular administration the acid quinine hydrochloride is generally used. _Rhubarb_, either in form of compound rhubarb pill, one of the most useful of ordinary aperients, two to four for a dose. _Compound Rhubarb Powder_, otherwise known as Gregory’s Powder. _Sandal-wood oil._—Uses and doses as for balsam of copaiba. _Soda, bicarbonate of._—Dose, five to ten grains or more. Five to ten grains dissolved in water may be given twice a day for acidity, flatulence, heartburn. Useful in dysentery to allay irritation of stomach; for this purpose five or ten grains may be given an hour before each dose of ipecacuanha. If the urine is acid and scalding, give twenty grains three times a day. Bicarbonate of soda is given in cases of blackwater fever when the urine is not sufficient in quantity; in such cases at least twenty grains should be given every six hours. _Soda mint tablets_, useful for relieving flatulence, one or two being taken after meals. _Sodium salicylate._—Dose, ten to twenty grains. Relieves pain in rheumatic fever. Lowers temperature. Its action must be carefully watched, as too large doses may cause headache, buzzing in the ears, and even delirium. _Sulphur._—An ointment containing one part of sulphur to nine of lard, grease, or vaseline, makes a useful application for itch and other skin diseases. _Tannin._—Tannin is a powerful astringent, and may be used internally or externally.