Romanesque churches of the tenth century are distinguished by the basilica plan, the apsidal east end, round-headed arches, and single or double-light windows. The walls have generally a decoration, consisting of a series of flat pilasters—reminiscences of classic architecture—and the roofs in many cases were vaulted. Arcaded decoration, with or without small columnar supports (Figs. 368 and 369) and rose windows (Fig. 370) are features of the Romanesque. Some of the round-headed doorways are especially rich in character, and have often five or six recessed columns (Fig. 371) that carry richly moulded heads, and carved capitals of quaint animal and bird decoration (Fig. 372). [Illustration: Fig. 371.—Porch of the Heilsbronn Monastery, near Nüremberg.] The shafts of the columns are usually plain, though in some instances, for the sake of contrast, they are twisted or imbricated, and the bases are copies of the classic orders (Fig. 373). Above the lintel and under the round arch mouldings is the lunette or tympanum; this space often has rich decoration of figures and ornament; sometimes it is divided into two spaces, when the entrance doorway is divided by a central pillar. [Illustration: Fig. 372.—Capital from Wartburg.] [Illustration: Fig. 373.—Romanesque Shaft and Base.] The details and motives of Romanesque decoration are derived from classic ornament—mostly Roman—and are, as a rule, debased forms of the latter. [Illustration: Fig. 374.—Roof Cornice of Church at Alstadt-Rottweil.] [Illustration: Fig. 375.—Later Romanesque Ornament.] The cable or rope torus-ornament, the scale or imbricated work, the chevron or zigzag, bead and reel, scroll, billet, checkers, and diapers, were all extensively used in the Romanesque, many of which have been retained in the later forms of Gothic ornament. Figs. 374, 375, and 376 are examples of the above ornaments. [Illustration] _a_, Arcaded. _b_, Checkers. _c_, Waved ribbon. _d_, Cable or Torus. _e_, Chevron or Zigzag. _f_, Billet. _g_, Nail-head. _h_, Scales or Imbrication. _i_, Lozenge. _k_, Tooth Ornament. Fig. 376.—Various Romanesque Moulding Ornaments. The tower was a feature of later Romanesque work, which marked the broad difference between the latter and Byzantine architecture; these towers had their stories decorated with semicircular arches on corbels or on small pillars (Fig. 377).