[Illustration: Fig. 399.—Dog’s Tooth or Nail-head Ornament, from Stone Church, Kent.] [Illustration: Fig. 400.—Spandrel, from Stone Church, Kent.] [Illustration: Fig. 400A.—Priests’ Entrance, Bishopstone Church, Wilts.] [Illustration: Fig. 401.—Norman and Gothic Mouldings. _a_ _b_ _c_, Norman; _d_ _e_ _f_, Early English; _g_ _h_, Decorated; _i_ _j_ _k_, Perpendicular. ] [Illustration: Fig. 402.—Pedestal, Henry VII.'s Chapel.] One of the most beautiful buildings in the world is the well-known Doges’ Palace at Venice. The predominant forms are Gothic, especially the lower arcading and the pointed window openings. It rests on columns and arches which compose the lower story, and has also the second story arcaded, and pierced in its upper part with quatre-foiled openings. Above this is a high rectangular story, built with lozenge-shaped slabs of pink marble, and pierced with a row of large pointed windows, and has smaller circular openings above these. A richly designed battlement crowns the walls of the upper story. The caps of the columns are beautifully carved, and sculptured figure subjects decorate the corners of the building. This palace was a long time in building; before it was completed the style had perceptibly changed, so in consequence the portico in some parts belongs to the fourteenth and some to the fifteenth century. [Illustration: Fig. 403.—Place House, Cornwall.] Throughout Venice the architecture with Gothic pretensions is mixed very much with fifteenth and sixteenth Venetian or Renaissance forms. The ogee arch was used very much, and the Decorated style of windows and doorways, arcadings, and balconies with Italian forms made a quaint mixture that gives a very pleasing appearance to some of the Venetian palaces. [Illustration: Fig. 404.—Flamboyant Panel. French, Fifteenth Century. ] [Illustration: Fig. 405.—Flamboyant Panelling. French. ] Gothic architecture in England has been divided into three styles; the Early English, which lasted from about A.D. 1189-1272, in the reigns of Richard I., John, and Henry III.; the Decorated, A.D. 1272-1377, in the reigns of Edward I., II., and III.; and the Perpendicular style, A.D. 1377-1547, from the time of Richard II. to Henry VIII. After this it became debased, and finally merged into the Tudor or English Renaissance, sometimes called the “Elizabethan.” A still later mixture of English Gothic with Italian or Flemish Renaissance details was developed in the reign of James I., which has been called “Jacobean.” The two latter styles never found much favour in ecclesiastical architecture, but were developed mostly in domestic and civic buildings, and used in the designs of pulpits, screens, and church furniture. A great quantity of carved oak and chestnut furniture was made in the Jacobean style. [Illustration: Fig. 406.—Forms of Gothic Arches. _a_, Pointed; _b_, Cusped; _c_, Depressed; _d_, Flamboyant. ]