Historic Ornament, Vol. 1 (of 2): Treatise on decorative art and architectural ornamentWard, James
History
Historic Ornament, Vol. 1 (of 2): Treatise on decorative art and architectural ornament
Ward, James
Architecture -- History; Decoration and ornament -- History; Decorative arts -- History
The decoration of this order is extremely rich in character: the lower
half of the capital has the Corinthian leaves, while the upper half is
almost the whole of the Ionic voluted capital added; the cornice has
both the Ionic dentils and the Corinthian modillions. The arch of
Septimus Severus and the Baths of Diocletian are of the Composite order.
CHAPTER XIV.
GREEK AND ROMAN ORNAMENT.
Greek ornament—as found on the carved mouldings, friezes, acroteria,
antifexes, and capitals, or, as in the painted variety, found on vases,
plain mouldings, bands, plates, and other surface decorations, or
incised on the bronze cistæ and mirrors—was of a severe and refined
order, almost all of which had its birthplace in Egyptian and Assyrian
forms, that in the first instances were used in a symbolic sense, but
under the hands of Greek artists had lost all their former meaning, and
were developed and partly transformed into a wealth of purely æsthetic
forms.
[Illustration: Fig. 310.—Greek Frets.]
The simplest forms were frets or the so-called key pattern (Figs. 310,
311, and 315).
The word meander is sometimes applied to the Greek frets; this is not
correct, as the word implies a curved line, not a rectangular one.
[Illustration: Fig. 311.—Greek Carved Fret.]
The guilloche, snare-work, or cable ornament, is used on flat bands, and
also as the decoration of torus mouldings (Figs. 312 and 313).
[Illustration: Fig. 312.—Treble Guilloche Ornament.]
The Greeks used the honeysuckle pattern in an endless variety of forms
both in carving and in painting, examples of which are at Figs. 314 and
315.
The ivy was used very much in borders of their painted vases (Fig. 316).
The ogee moulding was usually decorated with the water-leaf and tongue
ornament, and the ovolo with the characteristic egg and tongue, and the
round fillets with beads and reels. A fine example of this group of
decorated mouldings comes from the Temple of Minerva Polias at Athens
(Fig 317).
[Illustration: Fig. 313.—Double Guilloche.]
An elongated type of the egg and tongue comes from the Erectheum (Fig.
318).
[Illustration: Fig. 314.—Anthemion (carved), from Apollo Epicurius.]
The Greeks seldom used large scrolls in ornament; an exception is the
scroll ornament from the roof of the Lysikrates monument, and in the
Corinthian cauliculi or volutes (see Fig. 302).
The Greek variety of acanthus foliage is seen in the capital from the
same monument.
[Illustration: Fig. 315.—Greek Border with Fret Bands.]
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