But while these surpassing industries have given Pittsburgh her wealth, population, supremacy and power, commercial materialism is not the _ultima thule_ of her people. She has the largest and handsomest court-house in the world, the crowning architectural triumph of H. H. Richardson. Her churches and schoolhouses are found in nearly every block. She spends a quarter of a million annually on her parks,—Schenley and Highland. She maintains by popular support one of the three symphony orchestras in America. She has given many famous names to Science, Literature and Art. Her astronomical observatory is known throughout the world. Her rich men are often liberal beyond their own needs—particularly so William Thaw, who spent millions for education and benevolence; Mrs. Mary Schenley, who has given the city a great park, four hundred picturesque acres in the very heart of its boundaries; and Henry Phipps, who erected the largest conservatory for plants and flowers in our country. There is one other, Andrew Carnegie, whose wise and continuous use of vast wealth for the public good is nearly beyond human precedent. Mr. Carnegie has spent many millions on libraries, art galleries and scientific museums in Pittsburgh alone, and millions more for similar institutions in other parts of the world. The Carnegie Institute at Pittsburgh, comprising Art Galleries, Library, Museum and Music Hall, now in its fourth year, is the rallying-ground of the whole people in their growing love of æsthetic and spiritual life. Its doors are open all day, from nine in the morning until ten at night, free to the people. And the people use it with delight, more than five hundred thousand of them having thronged its halls in this past year. Pittsburgh is truly an imperial city. [Illustration: SEAL OF THE CITY.] FOOTNOTES [1] Reproduced by permission of Augustus Pruyn, Albany, N. Y. [2] Reproduced by permission of Dr. Samuel B. Ward, Albany, N. Y. [3] Reproduced by permission from _King Washington_, by Adelaide Skeel and William H. Brearley. [4] From _Book of Newburgh_. [5] _From Spirit of ’76_. [6] From _American Patriots_. [7] Reproduced by permission from _Bowling Green_, by Spencer Trask. [8] Reproduced by permission from _Bowling Green_, by Spencer Trask. [9] Reproduced by permission from _The Outlook_. [10] Reproduced by permission of Lewis C. Vandegrift, Wilmington, Del. [11] Reproduced by permission of Henry C. Conrad, Wilmington, Del. [12] Reproduced by permission of Buffalo Historical Society. [13] Subsequently the river bore the name of North River, to distinguish it from the Delaware, the South River of Nieu Nederlandt. In fact the fair stream has been renamed as often as a Parisian street. Albany has shared the fate of the river. [14] The Chart illustrating this article is one of a later date.