Civil service, J. D. Cox and reform, 186; spoils system, 209, 211; need of special training ignored, 210; reform under Hayes, 221, 254-257; Reform Bill, 222; Cleveland and reform, 223, 224; demand on President's time of appointments, number of presidential offices, 236; Godkin and reform, 280. Civil War, newspapers as historical source on, 32, 92-94; value of Official Records, 92; attitude of Lecky, 157; presidential office during, arbitrary actions, 213-216; Godkin as correspondent during, 273; burning of Columbia, 301-313. Cleveland, Grover, as President, 223-226; and civil service reform, 223; soundness on finances, 225; and railroad riots, 225; foreign policy, 225; and disorganization of Democracy, 226; and public opinion, 231; as a prime minister, 241, 263; and Hayes, attends funeral of Hayes, 263; attitude of Godkin, 285. Columbia, S. C., burning of, 301-313; Sherman's and Hampton's accounts discredited, 301-308; feeling of Union army towards, 306-308; Sherman's orders on occupation, 307; verdict of mixed commission on, 308; mob responsibility, 308-313. Columbia University, lecture by author at, 47. Commonwealth of England. _See_ Cromwell. Comte, Auguste, influence, 73. Conciseness in history, 11, 14, 16, 20, 36. Congress, control of Senate over Pierce and Buchanan, 213; power during Johnson's administration, 216; overshadows President, power of Speaker of House, 227; McKinley's control over, 234; contact with President, 237; and Hayes, 249, 256, 257, 261. Conkling, Roscoe, contest with Hayes over New York Custom-house, 255. Constitution. _See_ Federal Constitution. Copyright, _The Nation_ and international, 282. Cornell, A. B., removal by Hayes, 255. Corruption, Gibbon on, 127. Cox, J. D., on Gardiner, 44, 323; essay on, 185-188; varied activities, 185; as general, 185; as governor, 185; and negro suffrage, 186; as cabinet officer, 186; and civil service reform, 186; in Congress, 186; and Spanish Mission, 186; private positions, 187; works, as military historian, 187; and Grant, 187; contributions to _The Nation_, 187; as reader, 187; character, 188; on Godkin, 295; on burning of Columbia, 303. Crimean War, Godkin on, 273. Cromer, Lord, on power of press, 89, 96. Cromwell, Oliver, Carlyle's biography, 144, 150; Gardiner's influence on fame, 150; Gardiner's estimate, 317-323; character, 319; character of army, 319, 320; foreign policy, 321; lack of constructive statesmanship, 321; as typical Englishman, 322; and Revolution of 1688, 322, 323. Curchod, Suzanne, and Gibbon, 136. Curtis, G. W., on _The Nation_, 270. Curtius, Ernst, as historian, 34, 43. Dana, C. A., as journalist, historical value of articles, 31, 90.