Foreign relations, under Washington, 206; under Tyler and Polk, 211; under Grant, 218; under Cleveland, 225, 285; under McKinley, 231-234. _See also_ Monroe Doctrine. Fourth estate, newspaper as, 96. Franklin, battle of, J. D. Cox in, 185. Frederick the Great, Carlyle's biography, 63. Frederick III of Germany, "wise emperor," 127. Freeman, E. A., on Gibbon, 109. French, importance to historians, 49-51; Gibbon's knowledge, 119, 123. French Revolution, Carlyle's history, 62; Gibbon and, 113. Froude, J. A., on Ulysses, 2; inaccuracy, 41; biography of Carlyle, 64; on Elizabeth, 143, 149. Gardiner, S. R., truthfulness, 7, 145; as historical model, 42, 45; lack of practical experience, 66, 148; method, 76; essay on, 143-150; death, 143; thoroughness of research, 143, 157; as linguist, 143; manuscript material, 143; on Carlyle's "Cromwell," 144; writings and editorial work, 144; birth, 145; conception of great work, 145; Irvingite, 146; struggles and success, 146, 147; as teacher, 147; honors, 147; day's routine, manner of composition, 147; style, 148; soundness and influence of historical estimates, 149-150; estimate of Cromwell, 150, 317-323; on J. R. Green, 172; on Hampden, 317; on character of Puritans, 318; on Cromwell's army, 320; on character of Rump, 320; rank as historian, 323. Gardner, Percy, on Herodotus, 5, 40. Garfield, J. A., desire for fame, 3; as President, 222; as speaker, 241. Garrison, W. P., as literary editor of _The Nation_, 291-295. Generalizations, need of care, 32, 178. German, importance to historians, 52. German historians, and ancient history, 75. Gibbes, R. W., destruction of collections, 312.