Hereward le Wake, 54-58. Hipparchus and Hippias, 168-174. John, King of France, treatment by Black Prince, 105-107. Julian, Emperor, invasion of Parthia, and death, 213-223. Medici, Cosmo de’, 175-180. ----Piero, 181. ----Lorenzo and Julian, 181-189. Messenians, early history of, 40-54. Napoleon, retreat from Moscow 224-237. Paul, Emperor, 143-152. Pazzi, conspiracy of, 183-189. Pedro, Don, King of Castile, 31-36. Pisistratus, 163-168. Power, effects of absolute, 114-119. Prisoners of war, treatment of, 77-113. Reedman, Sir Matthew, anecdote from Froissart, 100-102. Retreat of Darius from Scythia, 196-198; ----Antony from Parthia, 211-213; ----Julian in Assyria, 213-223; ----Napoleon from Moscow, 225-237; ----Ney in Russia, 190, 194; ----Hawkwood in Lombardy, 194-197. Roncesvalles, battle of, 74-85. Scandinavia, compared with Greece in its early state, 9-20. Triumphs, Roman, 82-86. Trojan War, 36-39. Valerian, treatment by Sapor, 85, 86. Wallace, 58-76. FOOTNOTES: [1] A striking instance of this occurs in Justin. Speaking of Harmodius and Aristogiton (see chap. v.), he says, “One of the murderers, being put to the torture to extract the names of his accomplices, enumerated all the nearest friends of Hippias. These were all put to death, and being asked whether any others were privy to his designs, he answered, that now none remained whom he wished to perish, except the tyrant himself. The city, admonished by his virtue, expelled Hippias.”—Lib. ii. 9. The _virtue_ of this act consisted in sacrificing innocent lives to his revenge, by means of a lying accusation: and the stern endurance of this man is dignified with the praise of fortitude and patriotism, without the slightest reference to its atrocious injustice. The story itself rests upon Justin’s authority, and may reasonably be rejected as an improbable fiction. [2] The cluster of the Archipelago nearest Attica. [3] The Greeks called all other nations barbarians, which generally means no more than people of a different stock. [4] So Nestor addresses Telemachus, “Strangers, who are you, from whence do you navigate the watery way? Is it with any settled purpose, or do you roam at hazard like robbers over the sea, who wander wagering their own lives, bearing evil to others?” Odyss. iii. 71. [5] Thucyd. book i. chap. 4, 5, 6. We use Hobbes’ translation. [6] Turner, Ang.–Sax. [7] Bartholinus, De Causis Contemptæ a Danis Mortis, lib. ii. 9. [8] Saxo, lib. vii. [9] Bartholinus, ii. 5. [10] Barthol., l. ii. 9.