Siege of La Valette, ii. 69–72; ——of Leyden, ii. 103–112; ——of Platæa, iii. 5–19; ——methods of the ancients, their rudeness and little improvement, until the use of gunpowder, 22–27, 29–32; ——Introduction of cannon, 38, 39; ——Siege of Numantia, 19–22; ——of Tyre, 25–28; ——Syracuse, by Marcellus, 28–31; ——by Athenians, 177; ——of Jerusalem, 32–36; ——of La Réole, 37; ——of Ostend, 39–50; ——of Magdeburg, 50–62; ——of Zaragoza, 63–77. Sobieski, John, King of Poland, ii. 30–41. Socrates, history, character, and death of, iii. 218–243. Sophists, ii. 153–157. Sphacteria, capture of Spartans at, iii. 126. Syracuse, besieged by Marcellus, iii. 28–31; ——by Athenians, 177. Taylor, Rowland, burnt for heresy, iii. 272–283. Themistocles, character and policy of, ii. 133–140. Thermopylæ, battle of, ii. 55–64 Tours, battle of, ii. 23–25. Triumphs, Roman, i. 82–86. Trojan War, i. 36–39. Tyre, siege of, iii. 25–28. Valerian, treatment by Sapor, i. 85, 86. Valette, La, siege of, ii. 69–72. Vienne, siege by Turks, and battle, ii. 30–41. Wallace, i. 58–76. Witts, De, massacre of, iii. 205–214. Xerxes, invasion of Greece by, ii. 5–22, 55–64. Zaragoza, siege of, iii. 63–77. THE END. London: WILLIAM CLOWES and SONS, Stamford–street. FOOTNOTES: [1] Vol. i. p. 51. [2] Herod. i. 190. [3] See the siege of Alesia, vii. 72, or the circumvallation of Pompey at Dyrrachium, by Cæsar’s army, Bell. Civ. iii. 42. The lines of Torres Vedras, drawn by the British in the Peninsular war, may however compete, for their extent and the labour bestowed on them, with any of these ancient works. [4] After the battle of Platæa, the Athenians and Lacedæmonians contending for the _aristeia_, or prize for having behaved best in the battle, that honour, by the mediation of the Corinthians, was conferred on the Platæans, whose signal zeal throughout the Persian war was admitted, on all hands, to deserve such a distinction. At the same time a yearly sacrifice was appointed to be held at Platæa in honour of the slain; and a sort of sacred character was conferred both on the Platæans and their territory, with the privileges here enumerated.