[18] _Principles of Economics_, 2d ed., p. 1. “It is not Christianity but industrialism that has brought into the world that strong sense of the moral value of thrift, steady industry, punctuality in observing engagements, constant forethought with a view to providing for the contingencies of the future, which is now so characteristic of the moral type of the most civilized nations.”--LECKY, _The Map of Life_ (1900), pp. 53 f. [19] _The Moral Ideal_, new and revised edition, p. 19. [20] “Doubtless the ethical life of the world has suffered much from religion, but it owes to religion immeasurably more than it has suffered from it. Faulty enough indeed the influence has been, but the ethical life of the world has on the whole been greatly reënforced and purified by its religions.”--WILLIAM NEWTON CLARKE, _The Christian Doctrine of God_ (1909), p. 13. [21] “Morality is the endeavor to realize an ideal” (George Harris, _Moral Evolution_ (1896), p. 54). Not to miss the import of this dictum emphasis must be laid on the word “endeavor”; for, in the words of Professor Green, morality must be regarded “as an effort, not an attainment” (_Prolegomena to Ethics_, 5th ed., p. 301). [22] _Meditations_, tr. Long, xi, 18. [23] “There is nothing more modern than the critical spirit which dwells upon the difference between the minds of men in one age and in another; which endeavors to make each age its own interpreter, and judge what it did or produced by a relative standard.”--JAMES BRYCE, _The Holy Roman Empire_, 8th ed., p. 261. [24] _Prolegomena to Ethics_, 5th ed., p. 291. [25] After long observation of the life of the uncivilized races of Polynesia, Alfred Russel Wallace records as his opinion that “savages act up to their simple code at least as well as we act up to ours” (_The Malay Archipelago_, vol. i, p. 139). “Many strange customs and laws obtain in Zululand, but there is no moral code in all the world more rigidly observed than that of the Zulus” (Russell Hastings Millward in _National Geographic Magazine_ for March, 1909, p. 287). [26] “The larger morality which embraces all mankind has its basis in habits of loyalty, love, and self-sacrifice which were originally formed and grew strong in the narrow circle of the family or the clan.”--W. ROBERTSON SMITH, _The Religion of the Semites_, 2d ed., p. 54. [27] _The Religion of the Semites_, 2d ed., p. 274. Cf. Judges ix. 2; 2 Sam. v. 1. [28] Dudley Kidd, _Savage Childhood_ (1906), p. 74. See also Clifford, _Lectures and Essays_ (1901), vol. ii, p. 79, on the “tribal self.” [29] W. Robertson Smith, _The Religion of the Semites_, 2d ed., p. 267. See also Coulanges, _The Ancient City_, bk. ii, chap. ix.