[174] _Ibid._ bk. iv, pt. ii, chap. xii. [175] _Ibid._ bk. vi, pt. i, chap. x, 1. [176] _Confucian Analects_, bk. vii, chap. xv. [177] _The Works of Mencius_, bk. vi, pt. ii, chap. xv, 2. [178] _Ibid._ bk. vi, pt. ii, chap. xv, 5. [179] _Ibid._ bk. vii, pt. i, chap. xviii, 1. [180] The Chinese pay worship, it is true, to the multitude of inferior gods of Buddhism, but there is little in these cults calculated to awaken and discipline the moral feelings. [181] _The Religions of China_ (1881), p. 256. [182] See Colquhuon, _China in Transformation_ (1898), p. 189. [183] Reinsch, _World Politics_ (1900), p. 98. In their relations with foreigners the Chinese bankers have won an enviable reputation for integrity and the scrupulous observance of engagements. The word of a Chinaman in financial matters is his bond. [184] _The Lore of Cathay_ (1901), p. 214. [185] Froebel has an illuminating comment on the danger to true morality that lurks here: “A life whose ideal value has been perfectly established in experience never aims to serve as a model in its form, but only in its essence, in its spirit. It is the greatest mistake to suppose that spiritual, human perfection can serve as a model in its form. This accounts for the common experience that the taking of such external manifestations of perfection as examples, instead of elevating mankind, checks, nay, represses, its development” (_The Education of Man_, pt. i, sec. 10). [186] Etiquette has been well defined as “the formal expression of courtesy,” and courtesy as “morality in trifles.” In Japan, as Kikuchi informs us, etiquette forms a part of the moral instruction in the schools. See Sadler, _Moral Instruction and Training in Schools_, vol. ii, p. 342. [187] Edward A. Ross (_The Changing Chinese_ (1911), p. 193) says native authorities admit that from one tenth to one twentieth of the girl infants are abandoned or made away with. [188] “Female infanticide in some parts is openly confessed and divested of all disgrace and penalties everywhere” (Williams, _The Middle Kingdom_ (1883), vol. i, p. 836). Jernigan, however, says, “When carried to the extreme there is a public sentiment in China which condemns it, and there are official proclamations against infanticide” (_China in Law and Commerce_ (1905), p. 123).