River on the Niobrara southwest to the North Platte, thence south to the Arkansas. ... It is not to be supposed, however, that they held altogether undisturbed possession of this territory. On the north they were incessantly harassed by various bands of the Dakotas, while upon the south the Osages, Comanches, Cheyennes, Arapahoes and Kiowas (the last three originally northern tribes) were equally relentless in their hostility. ... In 1833 the Pawnees surrendered to the United States their claim upon all the above described territory lying south of the Platte. In 1858 all their remaining territory was ceded, except a reserve 30 miles long and 15 wide upon the Loup Fork of the Platte, its eastern limit beginning at Beaver Creek. In 1874 they sold this tract and removed to a reserve secured for them by the Government in the Indian Territory, between the Arkansas and Cimarron at their junction." _J. B. Dunbar, The Pawnee Indians (Magazine of American History, April, 1880, v.4)._ ALSO IN _G. B. Grinnell, Pawnee Hero Stories._ _D. G. Brinton, The American Race, pages 95-97._ _J. W. Powell, Seventh Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology, page 59._ See, also, above: ADAIS and BLACKFEET. {99} AMERICAN ABORIGINES: Payaguas. See above: PAMPAS TRIBES. AMERICAN ABORIGINES: Pehuelches, or Puelts. See above: PAMPAS TRIBES. AMERICAN ABORIGINES: Penacooks, or Pawtucket Indians. See above: ALGONQUIAN FAMILY. AMERICAN ABORIGINES: Peorias. See above: ALGONQUIAN FAMILY. AMERICAN ABORIGINES: Pequots. See above: ALGONQUIAN FAMILY; and below: SHAWANESE; also, NEW ENGLAND: A. D. 1637. AMERICAN ABORIGINES: Piankishaws. See above: ALGONQUIAN FAMILY, and SACS, &c. AMERICAN ABORIGINES: Piegans. See above: BLACKFEET. AMERICAN ABORIGINES: Piman Family. "Only a small portion of the territory occupied by this family is included within the United States, the greater portion being in Mexico, where it extends to the Gulf of California. The family is represented in the United States by three tribes, Pima alta, Sobaipuri, and Papago. The former have lived for at least two centuries with the Maricopa on the Gila River about 160 miles from the mouth. The Sobaipuri occupied the Santa Cruz and San Pedro Rivers, tributaries of the Gila, but are no longer known. The Papago territory is much more extensive and extends to the south across the border." _J. W. Powell, Seventh Annual Report, Bureau of Ethnology, pages 98-99._ See below: PUEBLOS. AMERICAN ABORIGINES: Pimenteiras. See above: GUCK OR COCO GROUP. AMERICAN ABORIGINES: Piru. See above: ANDESIANS. AMERICAN ABORIGINES: Pit River Indians. See above: MODOCS (KLAMATHS), &c. AMERICAN ABORIGINES: Piutes. See below: SHOSHONEAN FAMILY.