"Derivation: From the Cochiti term Suinyi, said to mean 'the people of the long nails,' referring to the surgeons of Zuñi who always wear some of their nails very long (Cushing)." _J. W. Powell, Seventh Annual Report, Bureau of Ethnology, page 138._ See, above, PUEBLOS; also, AMERICA: PREHISTORIC. ----------AMERICAN ABORIGINES: End---------- AMERICAN CIVIL WAR. See UNITED STATES OF AMERICA: A. D. 1860 (NOVEMBER-DECEMBER), and after. Statistics of. See UNITED STATES OF AMERICA: A. D. 1865 (MAY). AMERICAN KNIGHTS, Order of. See UNITED STATES OF AMERICA: A. D. 1864 (OCTOBER). AMERICAN PARTY, The. See UNITED STATES OF AMERICA: A. D. 1852. AMERICAN SYSTEM, The. See TARIFF LEGISLATION (UNITED STATES): A. D. 1816-1824. AMHERST, Lord, The Indian Administration of. See INDIA: A. D. 1823-1833. AMHERST'S CAMPAIGNS IN AMERICA. See CANADA (NEW FRANCE): A. D. 1758 to 1760. AMICITIÆ. See GUILDS OF FLANDERS. AMIDA, Sieges of. The ancient city of Amida, now Diarbekr, on the right bank of the Upper Tigris was thrice taken by the Persians from the Romans, in the course of the long wars between the two nations. In the first instance, A. D. 359, it fell after a terrible siege of seventy-three days, conducted by the Persian king Sapor in person, and was given up to pillage and slaughter, the Roman commanders crucified and the few surviving inhabitants dragged to Persia as slaves. The town was then abandoned by the Persians, repeopled by the Romans and recovered its prosperity and strength, only to pass through a similar experience again in 502 A. D., when it was besieged for eighty days by the Persian king Kobad, carried by storm, and most of its inhabitants slaughtered or enslaved. A century later, A. D. 605, Chosroes took Amida once more, but with less violence. _G. Rawlinson, Seventh Great Oriental Monarchy, chapter 9, 19 and 24._ See, also, PERSIA: A. D. 226-627. AMIENS.--Origin of name. See BELGÆ. AMIENS: A. D. 1597. Surprise by the Spaniards. Recovery by Henry IV. See FRANCE: A. D. 1593-1598. AMIENS: A. D. 1870. Taken by the Germans. See FRANCE: A. D. 1870-1871. ----------AMIENS: End---------- AMIENS, The Mise of. See OXFORD, PROVISIONS OF. AMIENS, Treaty of (1527). Negotiated by Cardinal Wolsey, between Henry VIII. of England and Francis I. of France, establishing an alliance against the Emperor, Charles V. The treaty was sealed and sworn to in the cathedral church at Amiens, Aug. 18, 1527. _J. S. Brewer, Reign of Henry VIII., volume 2. chapter 26 and 28._ AMIENS, Treaty of (1801). See FRANCE: A. D. 1801-1802. AMIN AL, Caliph, A. D. 809-813. AMIR. An Arabian title, signifying chief or ruler. AMISIA, The. The ancient name of the river Ems. AMISUS, Siege of.