_F. Harrison, Oliver Cromwell, chapter 5._ ALSO IN: _B. M. Cordery and J. S. Phillpotts, King and Commonwealth, chapters 7._ _S. R. Gardiner, History of the Great Civil War, chapters 19 and 21._ ENGLAND: A. D. 1644-1645. The Self-denying Ordinance. "Cromwell had shown his capacity for organization in the creation of the Ironsides; his military genius had displayed itself at Marston Moor. Newbury first raised him into a political leader. 'Without a more speedy, vigorous and effective prosecution of the war,' he said to the Commons after his quarrel with Manchester, 'casting off all lingering proceedings, like those of soldiers of fortune beyond sea to spin out a war, we shall make the kingdom weary of us, and hate the name of a Parliament.' But under the leaders who at present conducted it a vigorous conduct of the war was hopeless. They were, in Cromwell's plain words, 'afraid to conquer.' They desired not to crush Charles, but to force him back, with as much of his old strength remaining as might be, to the position of a constitutional King. ... The army, too, as he long ago urged at Edgehill, was not an army to conquer with. Now, as then, he urged that till the whole force was new modeled, and placed under a stricter discipline, 'they must not expect any notable success in anything they went about.' But the first step in such a reorganization must be a change of officers. The army was led and officered by members of the two Houses, and the Self-renouncing [or Self-denying] Ordinance, which was introduced by Cromwell and Vane, declared the tenure of civil or military offices incompatible with a seat in either. In spite of a long and bitter resistance, which was justified at a later time by the political results which followed this rupture of the tie which had hitherto bound the army to the Parliament, the drift of public opinion was too strong to be withstood. The passage of the Ordinance brought about the retirement of Essex, Manchester, and Waller; and the new organization of the army went rapidly on under a new commander-in-chief, Sir Thomas Fairfax, the hero of the long contest in Yorkshire, and who had been raised into fame by his victory at Nantwich and his bravery at Marston Moor." _J. R. Green, Short History of England, chapter 8, section 7._ ALSO IN: _W. Godwin, History of the Commonwealth, chapter 15 (volume l)._ _J. K. Hosmer, Life of Young Sir Henry Vane, chapter 11._ _J. A. Picton, Oliver Cromwell, chapter 10._ _J. Forster, Statesmen of the Commonwealth: Vane._ ENGLAND: A. D. 1645 (January-February). The attempted Treaty of Uxbridge.