"It was during these winter months [of the session of the French National Assembly, 1790] that Dr. Guillotin read his long discourse upon the reformation of the penal code; of which the 'Moniteur' has not preserved a single word. This discourse attracts our attention on two accounts:—First, it proposed a decree that there should be but one kind of punishment for capital crimes; secondly, that the arm of the executioner should be replaced by the action of a machine, which Dr. Guillotin had invented. 'With the aid of my machine,' said the glib doctor, 'I will make your head spring off in the twinkling of an eye, and you will suffer nothing.' Bursts of laughter met this declaration; nevertheless, the Assembly listened with attention, and adopted the proposal." _G. H. Lewes, Life of Robespierre, chapter 10._ ALSO IN: _G. Everitt, Guillotine the Great and her Successors._ _J. W. Croker, History of the Guillotine._ ----------GUINEGATE: Start-------- GUINEGATE, Battle of (1478). A bloody but indecisive battle, fought between the French, on one side, and Flemish and Burgundian troops on the other, in the war produced by the attempt of Louis XI. to rob Mary of Burgundy of her heritage. It was followed by a long truce, and a final treaty. _E. Smedley, History of France, part 1, chapter 17._ GUINEGATE: Battle of (1513). See FRANCE: A. D. 1513-1515. ----------GUINEGATE: End---------- GUINES, Treaty of (1547). See FRANCE: A. D. 1532-1547. GUISCARD, Robert, and Roger and the Norman conquest of Southern Italy and Sicily. See ITALY: A. D. 1000-1090; and 1081-1194. GUISE, Duke of, Assassination. See FRANCE: A. D. 1584-1589. GUISES, The. See FRANCE: A. D. 1547-1559. GUIZOT'S MINISTRY. See FRANCE: A. D. 1841-1848. GUJERAT, Battle of (1849). See INDIA: A. D. 1845-1849. GUNDEBERTUS, King of the Lombards, A. D. 662-672. {1619} GUNPOWDER PLOT, The. See ENGLAND: A. D. 1605. GURKHAS, OR GOORKAS, The. See INDIA: THE ABORIGINAL INHABITANTS. GURU, OR GOOROO. See SIKHS. GUSTAVUS (I.) Vasa, King of Sweden, A. D. 1523-1560. See SCANDINAVIAN STATES: A. D. 1397-1527, and 1523-1604. Gustavus (II.) Adolphus, King of Sweden, 1611-1632. Campaigns and death in Germany. See GERMANY: A. D. 1630-1631, to 1631-1632. Gustavus III., King of Sweden, 1771-1792. Gustavus Adolphus, King of Sweden, 1792-1809. GUTBORM, King of Norway, A. D. 1204-1205. GUTENBERG, and the invention of Printing. See PRINTING: A. D. 1430-1456. GUTSTADT, Battle of. See GERMANY: A. D. 1807 (FEBRUARY-JUNE). GUTHRIE, The founding of the city of. See UNITED STATES OF AMERICA: A. D. 1889-1890. GUTTONES, The. See PRUSSIAN LANGUAGE, THE OLD. GUUCHIES, The. See AMERICAN ABORIGINES: PAMPAS TRIBES. GUY FAWKES' DAY.