See INDIA: A. D. 1805-1816. HASTINGS, Warren: His administration in India. His impeachment and Trial. See INDIA: A. D. 1773-1785; and 1785-1795. HASTINGS, OR SENLAC, Battle of. See ENGLAND: A. D. 1066 (OCTOBER). HATFIELD CHASE. A vast swamp in the West Riding of Yorkshire, England, 180,000 acres in extent, which was sold by the crown in the reign of Charles I. to a Hollander who drained and reclaimed it. It had been a forest in early times and was the scene of a great battle between Penda, King of Mercia, and Edwin of Northumberland. _J. C. Brown, Forests of England, part 1, chapter. 2, section 2._ HATRA. "Hatra [in central Mesopotamia] became known as a place of importance in the early part of the second century after Christ. It successfully resisted Trajan in A. D. 116, and Severus in A. D. 198. It is then described as a large and populous city, defended by strong and extensive walls, and containing within it a temple of the Sun, celebrated for the great value of its offerings. It enjoyed its own kings at this time, who were regarded as of Arabian stock, and were among the more important of the Parthian tributary monarchs. By the year A. D. 363 Hatra had gone to ruin, and is then described as 'long since deserted.' Its flourishing period thus belongs to the space between A. D. 100 and A. D. 300." The ruins of Hatra, now called El-Hadhr, were "visited by Mr. Layard in 1846, and described at length by Mr. Ross in the ninth volume of the 'Journal of the Royal Geographical Society,' as well as by Mr. Fergusson, in his 'History of Architecture.'" _G. Rawlinson, Sixth Great Oriental Monarchy, chapter 22._ HATS AND CAPS, Parties of the. See SCANDINAVIAN STATES (SWEDEN): A. D. 1720-1792. HATTERAS EXPEDITION, The. See UNITED STATES OF AMERICA: A. D. 1861 (AUGUST: NORTH CAROLINA). HATUNTAQUI, Battle of. See ECUADOR: THE ABORIGINAL KINGDOM. HAVANA. See CUBA: A. D.1514-1851. HAVELOCK'S CAMPAIGN IN INDIA. See INDIA: A. D. 1857-1858. HAVRE: A. D. 1563-1564. Occupation by the English. Siege and recovery by the French. See FRANCE: A. D. 1563-1564. HAWAIIAN ISLANDS, The. The Hawaiian or Sandwich Archipelago, in the North Pacific ocean, "consists of the seven large and inhabited volcanic islands of Oahu, Kauai, Niihau, Maui, Molokai, Lanai, and Hawaii, and the four bare and rocky islets of Kaula, Lehua, Kahoolawe, and Molokini, with a total area of 8,000 square miles, and a population of scarcely more than 50,000 souls. … The Kanakas, as the natives are called, are amongst the finest and most intelligent races of the Pacific, and have become thoroughly 'Europeanised,' or, perhaps rather, 'Americanised.' … The Hawaiians, like all other Polynesians, are visibly decreasing in a constantly increasing ratio."