into effect Napoleon returned from Elba, and war broke out again. By the treaty of Paris, in 1814, Malta was ceded to England. … In 1801, the assembly of the Knights at St. Petersburg … petitioned Pope Pius VII. to select a Grand Master from certain names which they sent. This he declined to do, but, some time afterwards, at the request of the Emperor Alexander, and the King of Naples, and without consulting the knights, the Pope appointed Count Giovanni di Tommasi Grand Master. He died in 1805, and no Grand Master has been since appointed. On his death-bed, Tommasi nominated the bailiff, Guevara Suardo, Lieutenant Master. … {1666} [Such] lieutenants have presided over an association of titular knights at Rome, which is styled 'the Sacred Council.' In 1814, the French knights assembled at Paris and elected a capitulary commission for the government of the Order. … In or about the year 1826, the English 'Lange' of the Order of the Knights of Malta was revived. … A regular succession of Priors has been continued to the present time [1879], and the Duke of Manchester is the present Prior. The members of the Order devote themselves to relieving the poor, and assisting hospitals." _F. C. Woodhouse, Military Religious Orders of the Middle Ages, part 1, chapter 20._ ----------HOSPITALLERS: End-------- HOSPODAR. "A title of Slavonic or Russian origin (Russian, Gospodin = Lord)." _J. Samuelson, Roumania, page 209, foot-note._ HOSTIS. See PEREGRINI. HOTTENTOTS, The. See SOUTH AFRICA: THE ABORIGINAL INHABITANTS, and A. D. 1486-1806; also, AFRICA: THE INHABITING RACES. HOUSE OF COMMONS. See PARLIAMENT, THE ENGLISH; and KNIGHTS OF THE SHIRE. HOUSE OF KEYS, The. See MANX KINGDOM. HOUSE OF LORDS. See LORDS, HOUSE OF. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. See CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES. HOUSECARLS. "No English King or Ealdorman had hitherto kept a permanent military force in his pay. But Cnut [or Canute, A. D. 1018-1035] now organized a regular paid force, kept constantly under arms, and ready to march at a moment's notice. These were the famous Thingmen, the Housecarls, of whom we hear so much under Cnut and under his successors. … The Housecarls were in fact a standing army, and a standing army was an institution which later Kings and great Earls, English as well as Danish, found it to be their interest to continue. Under Cnut they formed a sort of military guild with the king at their head." _E. A. Freeman, Norman Conquest, chapter 6, section 2, and appendix, note kkk (volume 1)._ HOUSEHOLD FRANCHISE. See ENGLAND: A. D. 1884-1885. HOUSTON, Sam, and the independence of Texas. See TEXAS: A. D. 1824-1836. HOVAS, The. See MALAYAN RACE. HOWE, George Augustus, Lord, Death at Ticonderoga.