Mehemed Ali to a full realization of his mistake. He might consider himself lucky in being allowed to hold Egypt as hereditary pashalik upon evacuating Syria, Arabia, and Candia, and restoring the Turkish fleet. For this favor he had to thank England, which sought by this means to secure his friendship and the Suez road to India. The catastrophe of the 'sick man' [the Turk] was again put off for a few years." _W. Müller, Political History of Recent Times, section 11._ ALSO IN: _A. A. Paton, History of the Egyptian Revolution, volume 2, chapters 1-20._ _C. A. Fyffe, History of Modern Europe, volume 2, chapter 6._ _S. Walpole, History of England from 1815, chapter 16 (volume 3)._ TURKS: A. D. 1839. Accession of Abdul Medjid. TURKS: A. D. 1853-1856. The Crimean War. See RUSSIA: A. D. 1853-1854, to 1854-1856. A. D. 1861-1876. The reign of Abd-ul-Aziz, and accession of Abd-ul-Hamid. "Troubles broke out in the Lebanon in 1860, a French army was dispatched to restore order, and in the adjustment of rival claims an opportunity was afforded to Lord Dufferin for displaying those diplomatic talents for which he is renowned. In 1861 the Sultan Abd-ul-Mejid died, and with him passed away the hope of regenerating Turkey. His brother and successor Abd-ul-Aziz was an ignorant bigot, whose extravagance brought his country to avowed insolvency (1875), and thus deprived her of that sympathy which is seldom given to the impecunious. The only remarkable thing he did was to travel. No Ottoman Sultan had ever before left his own dominions, except on the war path, but Abd-ul-Aziz ventured even as far as London, without, however, awakening any enthusiasm on the part of his Allies. In 1876 he was deposed, and—found dead. How he came by his death is a matter of doubt, but his end is said to have turned the brain of his successor, Murad V., a son of Abd-ul-Mejid, who after three months was removed as an imbecile, and succeeded by his brother, … Abd-ul-Hamid." _S. Lane-Poole, The Story of Turkey, chapter 17._ TURKS: A. D. 1861-1877. Union of Wallachia and Moldavia. Revolt in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Reforms demanded by the Great Powers. War with Servia. Conference at Constantinople. Russian preparations for war.