citizens say that things were done too quickly, that they cost too much money, that the Mayor was always robbing Peter to pay Paul, as it were. But, after all, it seems cause for thankfulness that they were done at all." BOSTON: A. D. 1899. Completion of the Subway. In this year the city of Boston completed a very important public improvement, undertaken in 1895, and carried out under the direction of a commission appointed that year. This was the construction of a Subway under Boylston and Tremont streets, and under various streets in the northern district, for the transit of electric cars through the crowded central parts of the city. The section of Subway from Park Square to Park Street was finished in the fall of 1897; the remainder in 1899. The entire length of underground road is one and two-thirds miles. The cost of work done was $4,686,000: cost of real estate taken, $1,100,000. The legislative Act authorizing the work provided further for the construction of a tunnel to East Boston, and for the purchase of rights of way for an elevated road to Franklin Park, with new bridges to Charlestown and West Boston. BOWER, Sir Graham: Testimony before British Parliamentary Committee on the Jameson Raid. See (in this volume)) SOUTH AFRICA (THE TRANSVAAL): A. D. 1897 (FEBRUARY-JULY). BOXERS, The Chinese: The secret society and the meaning of its name. See (in this volume) CHINA: A. D. 1900 (JANUARY-MARCH), and after. BRADFORD'S HISTORY: Return of the manuscript to Massachusetts. See (in this volume) MASSACHUSETTS: A. D. 1897. BRAZIL: A. D. 1897. Conflict with the "Fanatics." A religious enthusiast, called Conselheiro (Counsellor), who had made his appearance in the State of Bahia and gathered a great number of followers, began in 1897 to become dangerous to the government, which he denounced as atheistic; his following grew disorderly, and political malcontents were taking advantage of the disturbance which he caused. Attempts on the part of the government to stop the disorder were fiercely resisted, and its conflict with "the Fanatics," as Conselheiro and his followers were known, soon became a very serious war, demanding many thousands of troops, and spreading over wide regions of the country. Amazonian bands of women fought with "the Fanatics," and were among the most dreaded forces on their side. The headquarters and stronghold of the movement were finally taken in July, after an obstinate defense, and in October Conselheiro was killed; after which the rebellion came to an end. BRAZIL: A. D. 1898. Election of Dr. Campos Salles to the Presidency.