"The talk about German exploitation of Brazil for colonization purposes is pure buncombe. The writer has visited the southern Brazilian provinces of Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catharina, and Parana, where most of the Germans reside, and he has seen no more reason for Brazil to fear ulterior purposes on the part of Germany than has the United States because Germans form a large percentage of the population of New York, Chicago, and Milwaukee. The Germans make excellent Brazilian citizens, while loving the Fatherland from association and respecting the Emperor for his great personality." _John Barrett, The United States and Latin America (North American Review, September 21, 1906)._ See (in this Volume), also, GERMANY: A. D. 1904. BRAZIL: A. D. 1906. Third International Conference of American Republics at Rio de Janeiro. See (in this Volume) AMERICAN REPUBLICS. BRAZIL: A. D. 1907. Adoption of obligatory military service. By a law enacted in 1907 military service was made obligatory. BRAZIL: A. D. 1908. Dreadnought building. See (in this Volume) WAR, THE PREPARATIONS FOR. BRAZIL: A. D. 1908-1909. Increasing immigration. See (in this Volume) IMMIGRATION AND EMIGRATION. BRAZIL: A. D. 1909. Frontier agreements and demarcations. The Message of President Penna to Congress, May 3, 1909, contained the following announcements: "On September 15 last, a treaty between Brazil and Holland was finally approved at The Hague, to determine the limits of our frontier with the Colony of Surinam or Dutch Guiana. The demarcation of the new frontier line between Brazil and Bolivia in Matto Grosso is now completed, and awaits only the approval of the two Governments interested. The same mixed commission to which was intrusted this survey will now proceed to reconnoitre the head-waters of the Rio Verde. The Government of the French Republic proposes the appointment of a mixed commission for the demarcation of the common boundary established on December 1, 1900, by arbitration of the Swiss Federal Council. An agreement will shortly be arrived at with Great Britain to determine the frontier of Brazil with British Guiana." BRAZIL: A. D. 1909. Death of President Penna. Accession of the Vice-President. Dr. Alfonso Penna, President of Brazil, died suddenly on the 14th of June, 1909, and was succeeded in the office by the Vice-President, Señor Nilo Pecanha, who will fill out the presidential term, ending November 15, 1910. Meantime an active canvass of candidates for the succeeding term has been in progress, the names most discussed being those of General Hermes de Fonseca, Baron Rio Branco, Minister of Foreign Affairs, and Señor Ruy Barbosa, a prominent advocate. ----------BRAZIL: End-------- BRENNAN MONO-RAIL SYSTEM.