BUTLER, Nicholas Murray: Arrangement of professorial interchanges with German universities. See EDUCATION: INTERNATIONAL INTERCHANGES. BUXTON, Sidney C.: Postmaster-General (British). See (in this Volume) ENGLAND: A. D. 1905-1906. C. CACERES, Ramon. See (in this Volume) SAN DOMINGO: A. D. 1904-1907. CADETS, Russian. See (in this Volume) RUSSIA: A. D. 1905-1907. CAJAL, Ramon y. See (in this Volume) NOBEL PRIZES. CALABRIA: Destructive earthquake in 1905. See (in this Volume) EARTHQUAKES. CALAMITIES, Recent extraordinary. See (in this Volume) EARTHQUAKES, FAMINES, FIRE, FLOODS, VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS. CALIFORNIA: A. D. 1900-1909. Growth. Industries. Products. Railway facilities, etc. "Within the past decade numerous events have tended to direct the attention of the United States and of the world to the importance of the Pacific ocean and the lands bordering upon it, as the field of great activities in the near future. The Spanish-American war, and particularly the voyage of the battleship Oregon around South America hastened the movement for an inter-oceanic canal. The development of the Alaskan gold fields gave a great impetus to shipping and trade in staple supplies in Pacific coast cities. The war between Russia and Japan revealed the maritime enterprise and established the naval prestige of Japan. "Since the earliest days of American occupation California has been steadily filling up with people. These later movements in Pacific coast history, together with the steady development of natural resources, have greatly accelerated the advance in population, especially in cities as the centers of industrial and commercial activity. The census of 1900 showed a total population of 1,485,053. At the beginning of 1909 the number is estimated by the State Board of Trade at 2,564,363. The growth of cities in the same period is shown by the following instances,—the first figure being the population by the census of 1900, the second the State Board of Trade estimate for 1909. 1900. 1909. Alameda 16,464 25,000 Berkeley 13,214 40,000 Fresno 12,470 32,000 Los Angeles 102,479 305,000 Oakland 66,960 200,000 Sacramento 29,282 55,000 San Francisco 342,782 500,000 San Jose 21,500 45,000 Stockton 17,506 25,000 "Two features characterize the recent development of California agriculture,—the increased value of the products, and a greater variety of crops. Originally wheat was the staple crop, but now sugar beets, hops, beans, alfalfa, and garden seeds must be added to the common cereals to make the list of staples. In 1908 the wheat crop was valued at $18,894,961, and the barley at $26,841,394.