The first man—as far as we know—to call himself a ‘philosophos’, or lover of wisdom, was Pythagoras, who applied the label to himself and his followers. _Philosophy_ among the Pythagoreans, with its emphasis on astronomy, geometry, and number, was still decidedly Egyptian; but gradually, from these starry beginnings, the Greek mind built up a vast, independent edifice of thought and language. The words that have come into our language directly from Greek philosophy are numerous enough, but if we were to add those which have reached us in Latinized form, and finally those words which are actually Latin, but which take their whole meaning from the Greek thought they were used to translate, we should fill several pages with the mere enumeration of them. The list would spread itself all over the dictionary, varying from such highly technical terms as _homonym_ and _noumena_ to common ones like _individual_, _method_, and _subject_. Perhaps a more accurate term than Greek philosophy would be “Greek thought”, for Greek thinkers took some time to arrive at the distinction, so familiar to us, between philosophy and other branches of study such as history. The Greek word ‘historia’ meant at first simply ‘knowledge gained by inquiry’, and some of the words which follow are first found in the works of Hesiod and Herodotus. Among the words which have come to us from earlier Greek thought are _cosmos_[27]—the name applied by the Pythagoreans to the universe, which they perceived as a “shapely” and harmonious whole—geometrical terms such as _pyramid_ (probably of Egyptian origin), _hypotenuse_ and _isosceles_; many of the technical terms of music, as _chord_, _harmony_, _melody_, _tone_; of literature: _hyperbole_, _metaphor_, _rhetoric_, _syntax_, _trope_; and a host of common words of wider significance, such as _academy_, _analogy_, _aristocracy_, _astronomy_, _cosmogony_, _critic_, _democracy_, _eclipse_, _economic_, _enthusiasm_, _ethical_, _genesis_, _grammatical_, _hypothesis_, _mathematical_, _method_, _phenomenon_, _physical_, _poetic_, _politics_, _rhythm_, _theology_, _theory_. Of those which were translated into Latin by Cicero and other Latin writers, and possibly by Greek schoolmasters in Rome, we may mention _air_, _element_, _essence_, _ideal_, _individual_, _quality_, _question_, _science_, _species_, and _vacuum_, together with most of the terminology of grammar, such as _adjective_, _case_, _gender_, _noun_, _number_, _verb_,... _Type_ comes from ‘tupos’, the name of the preliminary sketch made by a Greek painter before he started on the work itself.