[81] The moderns have called this time the Age of Pericles, because Pericles was then governing and was the friend of many of these artists; but the ancients never employed the phrase. [82] See Aristophanes' "Clouds." [83] The "Memorabilia" and "Apologia." [84] Because Plato had lectured in the gardens of a certain Academus. [85] Because Aristotle had given instruction while moving about. [Or rather from a favorite walk (Peripatus) in the Lyceum.--ED.] [86] The Greek word for temple signifies "dwelling." [87] But not by a square opening in the roof as formerly supposed.--ED. See Gardner, "Ancient Athens," N.Y., 1902, p. 268. [88] The Parthenon contained vases of gold and silver, a crown of gold, shields, helmets, swords, serpents of gold, an ivory table, eighteen couches, and quivers of ivory. [89] Boutmy, "Philosophie de l'Architecture en Grèce." [90] The most noted are the Parthenon at Athens and the temple of Poseidon at Pæstum, in south Italy. [91] Knights and other subjects were also shown.--ED. [92] Even in the second century after the Romans had pillaged Greece to adorn their palaces, there were many thousands of statues in the Greek cities. [93] It is not certain that the Apollo Belvidere was not a Roman copy. [94] In the ruins of Olympia has been found a statue of Hermes, the work of Praxiteles. CHAPTER XV THE GREEKS IN THE ORIENT ASIA BEFORE ALEXANDER =Decadence of the Persian Empire.=--The Greeks, engaged in strife, ceased to attack the Great King; they even received their orders from him. But the Persian empire still continued to become enfeebled. The satraps no longer obeyed the government; each had his court, his treasure, his army, made war according to his fancy, and in short, became a little king in his province. When the Great King desired to remove a satrap, he had scarcely any way of doing it except by assassinating him. The Persians themselves were no longer that nation before which all the Asiatic peoples were wont to tremble. Xenophon, a Greek captain, who had been in their pay, describes them as follows: "They recline on tapestries wearing gloves and furs. The nobles, for the sake of the pay, transform their porters, their bakers, and cooks into knights--even the valets who served them at table, dressed them or perfumed them. And so, although their armies were large, they were of no service, as is apparent from the fact that their enemies traversed the empire more freely than their friends. They no longer dared to fight. The infantry as formerly was equipped with buckler, sword, and axe, but they had no courage to use them. The drivers of chariots before facing the enemy basely allowed themselves to be overthrown at once or leaped down from the cars, so that these being no longer under control injured the Persians more than the enemy. For the rest, the Persians do not disguise their military weakness, they concede their inferiority and do not dare to take the field except