Early Italian civilisation—Origin of Etruscans—Terramare civilisation—Villanuova period—Pit-tombs—Hut-urns—Trench-tombs—Relief-wares and painted vases from Cervetri—Chamber-tombs—Polledrara ware—Bucchero ware—Canopic jars—Imitations of Greek vases—Etruscan inscriptions—Sculpture in terracotta—Architectural decoration—Sarcophagi—Local pottery of Southern Italy—Messapian and Peucetian fabrics. In the succeeding section of this work we propose, by a natural transition, to deal with Italian pottery, that is, Etruscan and Roman, as distinct from Greek. The subject naturally falls under three heads—the first two dealing with the pottery of the period previous to the Roman domination of Italy, and therefore contemporaneous with the Greek pottery; the third with Roman pottery from the second century B.C. onwards, and of necessity including also remains of similar pottery from Gaul, Britain, and other countries over which that civilisation extended. In the present chapter the first two branches of the subject—namely, Etruscan pottery, and the local fabrics of Southern Italy—will be discussed; the period of time which they cover is, as has been said, coincident with that covered by the history of Greek pottery, extending from the Bronze Age down to the end of the third century B.C. § 1. ETRUSCAN POTTERY BIBLIOGRAPHY Helbig, _Die Italiker in der Poebene_; _Ann. dell’ Inst._ 1884, p. 108 ff., 1885, p. 5 ff.; Karo, _Cenni sulla cronologia preclassica_, Parma, 1898; Von Duhn in _Bonner Studien_, p. 21 ff., and in _J.H.S._ xvi. p. 125 ff.; Martha, _L’Art Étrusque_, _passim_; Dennis, _Cities and Cemeteries of Etruria_, 2nd edn. (good for topography; archaeology out of date); _J.H.S._ xiv. p. 206 ff. (C. Smith on Polledrara ware); Gsell, _Fouilles de Vulci_; Pottier, _Cat. des vases ant. du Louvre_, ii. p. 285 ff. (the best general survey); _Notizie degli Scavi_, _passim_, for excavations; _Brit. Mus. Cat. of Bronzes_, p. xliv ff. (1) EARLY ITALIAN CIVILISATION