1340?-1400. Chaucer. 1410. Wood-engraving introduced about this time. 1423. Earliest known block-book. 1450? Mazarin Bible, printed by moveable types. 1453. Taking of Constantinople by the Turks. 1466?-1536. Erasmus. 1471-1528. Albert Durer. 1472-1543. Copernicus. 1475-1564. Michael Angelo. 1477-1576. Titian. 1483-1520. Raphael. 1483-1546. Martin Luther. 1492. First voyage of Columbus. 1497-1498. Voyage of Vasco da Gama to India by the Cape. 1516. More's _Utopia_. 1517. Luther's theses. 1519-1521. Mexico conquered by Cortez. 1519-1522. Circumnavigation of the globe by a ship of Magellan's squadron. 1530-1536. Brunfels' _Herbarum vivæ eicones_. Confession of Augsburg. 1532. Peru conquered by Pizarro. 1534. Society of Jesus founded by Loyola. 1539. Bock's _New Kreutterbuch_ (without figures); 2nd ed. (with figures) 1546. 1542. Fuchs' _Historia Stirpium_. 1543. Copernicus' _De Revolutionibus Orbium Celestium_. Vesalius' _Fabrica Humani Corporis_. 1545. Botanic garden at Padua founded. 1545-1564. Council of Trent. 1547. Botanic garden at Pisa founded. 1551. Belon's _Histoire Naturelle des estranges poissons marins_. 1551-1587. Gesner's _Historia Animalium_. 1553. Belon's _De aquatilibus_, etc., and his _Observations de plusieurs singularitez_, etc. (Travels in the Levant.) 1554. Rondelet's _De piscibus marinis_. 1555. Belon's _Histoire de la nature des Oyseaux_. Rondelet's _Universæ aquatilium Historiæ pars altera_. 1564-1616. Shakespeare. 1564-1642. Galileo. 1566. Revolt of the Netherlands. 1571. Battle of Lepanto (advance of the Turks checked). 1571-1630. Kepler. 1572. Massacre of St. Bartholomew. 1576. L'Obel's _Plantarum seu Stirpium Historia and Adversaria_. 1577-1580. Drake's circumnavigation. 1583. Cesalpini's _De Plantis_. 1588. The Invincible Armada. 1596-1650. Descartes. 1600. Olivier de Serres' _Théâtre d'Agriculture_. 1601. Clusius' _Rariorum plantarum Historia_. 1605. Clusius' _Exoticorum libri decem_. 1610. Galileo'smicroscope invented about this time. 1614. Napier's Logarithms. 1618-1648. Thirty Years' War. 1620. Voyage of _Mayflower_. Bacon's _Novum Organum_. 1621. Aselli re-discovers the lacteals. 1623. C. Bauhin's _Pinax Theatri Botanici_. 1626. Jardin des Plantes founded. 1628. Harvey's _De motu cordis et sanguinis_ published, the lectures had been delivered in 1614. 1635. French Academy founded. 1638. First authenticated cure of fever by chincona bark (in Peru). 1642. New Zealand and Van Dieman's Land discovered by Tasman. 1642-1727. Newton. 1643. Barometer invented by Torricelli. 1650? Air-pump invented by Otto von Guericke. Thoracic duct discovered by Pecquet. 1653. Lymphatic vessels discovered by Rudbeck.