[1534.] In 1534, 1535, and 1540, Jacques Cartier made three voyages for France, in which Newfoundland and the gulf and river of St Lawrence were carefully explored. _Prima Relatione di Iacqves Carthier della Terra Nvova detta la Nuoua Francia, trouata nell'anno_ MDXXXIIII., in _Ramusio_, tom. iii. fol. 435; _Hakluyt's Voy._, vol. iii. pp. 201-36; _Sammlung alter Reisebeschreibungen_, tom. xv. p. 29. Simon de Alcazaba sailed from San Lúcar in September, 1534, with two ships and 280 men, intending to conquer and settle the western coast of South America south of Peru. After spending a long time in the strait of Magellan, he was finally prevented by the mutiny of his men from proceeding farther. His explorations in the Patagonian regions were more extensive than had been made before. Seventy-five men, the remnant of his expedition, reached Española in September, 1535, one vessel having been wrecked on the coast of Brazil. _Oviedo_, _Hist. Gen._, tom. ii. pp. 155-65; _Galvano's Discov._, pp. 198-9; _Herrera_, dec. v. lib. vii. cap. v.; _Diccionario Univ._, app. tom. x. p. 807; _Burney's Discov. South Sea_, vol. i. p. 171. The books of 1534 are, _Francis of Bologna_, _La Letera_, Venetia, n.d.; _Chronica compendiosissima_, Antwerp, 1534, containing letters from priests in Mexico; _Vadianus_, _Epitome_, Tigura, 1534, includes the Insulæ Oceani; _Peter Martyr_, _Libro Primo Della Historia_, Vinegia, 1534, which has joined to it a libro secondo by Oviedo, and an anonymous third book on the conquest of Peru; two anonymous works, _Letera de la nobil cipta_, and _Copia delle Lettere del Prefetto della India_, being letters from Peru, the latter describing the conquest; _Honter_, _De cosmographiæ_, Basileæ, 1534, with a chapter on the new islands; _Xeres_, _Uerdadera relacion de la conquista del Peru_, Seville, 1534; and an anonymous work on the same subject, _La conquista del Peru_, Seville, 1534. [1535.] In this year appeared the first edition of the great historical work of Gonzalo Hernandez de Oviedo y Valdés, _La Historia general de las Indias_, Seville, 1535. Only nineteen of the fifty books which comprise the whole work appear in this edition; the work complete has since been published in Madrid, 1851-5. Steinhowel, _Chronica Beschreibung_, Franckenfort, 1535, has a chapter on 'America discovered in 1497.'